Exotic, but established
Archips podana (Scopoli) (Tortricidae: Tortricinae: Archipini)
Common names: fruit tree tortrix
Synonyms: ameriana (Cacoecia), congenerana (Tortrix), fulvana (Tortrix), meridana (Archips), pyrastrana (Tortrix), sauberiana (var.), vulpeculana (Tortrix)
FWLFWL:
forewing length; the distance from the base of the forewing to the apex, including fringe
: 10.0-12.0 mm
Archips podana is sexually dimorphic. The male forewing is pale purplish brown with a dark-brown basal patch and well-defined median fasciafascia:
a dark transverse band on the forewing
. The female forewing is pale brown to purplish brown with darker reticulate markings. The hindwing in both sexes is gray basally and yellowish orange apically; the yellowish-orange coloration is usually more pronounced in the female. Dark forms of both sexes exist, where the entire forewing is overlaid with purplish-gray scaling. Males have a forewing costal foldforewing costal fold:
a flap or fold at the base of the forewing that contains specialized sex scales
.
Male genitalia are characterized by a well-developed uncusuncus:
a sclerotized process which is fused to the posterodorsal margin of tergum IX
, reduced sociisocii:
a pair of lightly sclerotized setose lobes
, rounded valvavalva:
an appendage flanking the intromittent organ that is used to clasp the female during copulation
, and a well defined sacculussacculus:
the ventral margin of the male valva 
ending in a point. Female genitalia are characterized by a long ductus bursaeductus bursae:
a membranous tube connecting the ostium bursae to the corpus bursae
with cestumcestum:
a long, bandlike sclerotization of the wall of the ductus bursae
and a single signumsignum:
a sclerotized projection or patch on the interior of the corpus bursae
in the rounded corpus bursaecorpus bursae:
a dilated membranous sac at the anterior end of the bursa copulatrix
.
The following account is summarized from Swatschek (1958)Swatschek (1958):
Swatschek, B. 1958. Die larval systematik der wickler (Tortricidae und Carposinidae) aus dem zoologischen Institut der Universitat Erlangen. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin. 269 pp. [Abhandlungen zur larvalsystematik Insekten 3.].
Last instar larvae are approximately 15-20 mm in length. The abdomen is pale green to pale gray with pale conspicuous pinaculapinaculum:
flattened sclerotized plates on a caterpillar that bear the setae
. The head is reddish brown. The prothoracic shieldprothoracic shield:
a sclerotized plate on the dorsal surface of the prothorax 
is reddish brown anteriorly and shaded with black posteriorly; a thin white line on the anterioranterior:
before, to the front, toward the head 
margin of the shield separates it from the head. Thoracic legs are brown or black.
Archips podana males can appear similar to males of several other Archips species, including Archips betulana, Archips crataegana, Archips grisea, Archips magnoliana, Archips oporana, and Archips xylosteana. The yellowish-orange coloration on the apical half of the hindwing serves to separate A. podana from these other species.
Other similar species of Archips with yellowish-orange apical shading on the hindwing include Archips oporana and Archips rosana, but the amount of shading is much greater in most A. podana individuals.
Female A. podana may be confused with female Choristoneura rosaceana, which has similar markings on both the forewing and hindwing. A genitalic dissection will easily separate these two species.
Larvae of A. podana are similar to those of Adoxophyes orana, Archips rosana, and Choristoneura rosaceana.
The following account is summarized from Bradley et al. (1973) and Cuthbertson & Murchie (2005).
Archips podana completes a single generation per year over most of its range. In warmer climates a partial second generation may develop. Adults are present from the end of June through early August.
Females lay eggs in masses of 50-100 individual eggs on the surfaces of leaves. Eggs are covered by a waxy secretion that both protects and camouflages the egg mass. First instar larvae hatch in 17-23 days and begin feeding on leaves. Second and third instars feed on the surface of fruit, often creating a shelter by webbing leaves to fruit. Larvae overwinter in the third instar and continue development the following spring. Fourth instars feed on developing buds and subsequent instars feed on foliage in shelters constructed of webbed leaves. Pupation occurs in the final larval shelter.
Archips podana is considered a major pest of apple and pear in parts of Europe. Larvae are moderately polyphagous and feed on a variety of deciduous trees and shrubs.
| Host plant | Host plant family | Reference(s) | |||||||||
| Arctium sp. | Asteraceae | Ellis 2020Ellis 2020: Ellis, W. N. 2020. Plant Parasites of Europe: leafminers, galls and fungi. Amsterdam, The Netherlands. https://bladmineerders.nl/ [Accessed 19 November 2020] |
|||||||||
| Hieracium sp. | Asteraceae | Ellis 2020Ellis 2020: Ellis, W. N. 2020. Plant Parasites of Europe: leafminers, galls and fungi. Amsterdam, The Netherlands. https://bladmineerders.nl/ [Accessed 19 November 2020] |
|||||||||
| Alnus glutinosa | Betulaceae | Jaros & Spitzer 2002 | |||||||||
| Alnus sp. | Betulaceae | Ellis 2020Ellis 2020: Ellis, W. N. 2020. Plant Parasites of Europe: leafminers, galls and fungi. Amsterdam, The Netherlands. https://bladmineerders.nl/ [Accessed 19 November 2020] |
|||||||||
| Betula sp. | Betulaceae | Ellis 2020Ellis 2020: Ellis, W. N. 2020. Plant Parasites of Europe: leafminers, galls and fungi. Amsterdam, The Netherlands. https://bladmineerders.nl/ [Accessed 19 November 2020] |
|||||||||
| Corylus sp. | Betulaceae | Trematerra & Baldizzone 2004 | |||||||||
| Humulus sp. | Cannabaceae | Ellis 2020Ellis 2020: Ellis, W. N. 2020. Plant Parasites of Europe: leafminers, galls and fungi. Amsterdam, The Netherlands. https://bladmineerders.nl/ [Accessed 19 November 2020] |
|||||||||
| Lonicera periclymenum | Caprifoliaceae | Fox 2004Fox 2004: Fox, B. W. 2004. A study of the guild of Lepidoptera foraging on honeysuckle, Lonicera periclymenum L. Entomologistrsquo;s Gazette. 55: 35-43. |
|||||||||
| Euonymus japonicus | Celastraceae | Bradley et al. 1973Bradley et al. 1973: Bradley, J. D., Tremewan, W. G., Smith, A. 1973. British Tortricoid Moths, Cochylidae and Tortricidae: Tortricinae. The Ray Society, London. 251 pp. |
|||||||||
| Cornus mas | Cornaceae | Ellis 2020Ellis 2020: Ellis, W. N. 2020. Plant Parasites of Europe: leafminers, galls and fungi. Amsterdam, The Netherlands. https://bladmineerders.nl/ [Accessed 19 November 2020] |
|||||||||
| Pteridium aquilinum | Dennstaedtiaceae | Ellis 2020Ellis 2020: Ellis, W. N. 2020. Plant Parasites of Europe: leafminers, galls and fungi. Amsterdam, The Netherlands. https://bladmineerders.nl/ [Accessed 19 November 2020] |
|||||||||
| Rhododendron sp. | Ericaceae | Ellis 2020Ellis 2020: Ellis, W. N. 2020. Plant Parasites of Europe: leafminers, galls and fungi. Amsterdam, The Netherlands. https://bladmineerders.nl/ [Accessed 19 November 2020] |
|||||||||
| Vaccinium sp. | Ericaceae | Trematerra & Baldizzone 2004 | |||||||||
| Trifolium sp. | Fabaceae | Meyrick MS 1938Meyrick MS 1938: Meyrick MS 1938. Unpublished manuscript by E. Meyrick at BMNH, data captured by Gaeden Robinson. |
|||||||||
| Fagus sp. | Fagaceae | Trematerra & Baldizzone 2004 | |||||||||
| Fagus sylvatica | Fagaceae | Ellis 2020Ellis 2020: Ellis, W. N. 2020. Plant Parasites of Europe: leafminers, galls and fungi. Amsterdam, The Netherlands. https://bladmineerders.nl/ [Accessed 19 November 2020] |
|||||||||
| Quercus sp. | Fagaceae | Meyrick MS 1938Meyrick MS 1938: Meyrick MS 1938. Unpublished manuscript by E. Meyrick at BMNH, data captured by Gaeden Robinson. |
|||||||||
| Quercus robur | Fagaceae | Disque 1908Disque 1908: Disque, H. 1908. Versuch einer microlepidopterologischen Botanik. Deutsch Entomologische Zeitschrift Iris. 21: 34-147. |
|||||||||
| Ribes sp. | Grossulariaceae | Trematerra & Baldizzone 2004 | |||||||||
| Ribes nigrum | Grossulariaceae | Ellis 2020Ellis 2020: Ellis, W. N. 2020. Plant Parasites of Europe: leafminers, galls and fungi. Amsterdam, The Netherlands. https://bladmineerders.nl/ [Accessed 19 November 2020] |
|||||||||
| Tilia sp. | Malvaceae | Host plant table (embedded)
View full screen host table here DistributionArchips podana is distributed throughout Europe. Records from East Asia are of another species (Razowski 2002Razowski 2002: LinksAdditional photos and distribution map in North America available at Moth Photographers Group.
|
