Archips fuscocupreanus

Type

Exotic, but established

Taxonomy

Archips fuscocupreanus Walsingham (Tortricidae: Tortricinae: Archipini)

Common names: apple tortrix

Synonyms: ishidaii (Loxotaenia), punicae (Cacoecia), rosaceana (Archips)

Adult Recognition

FWLFWL:
forewing length; the distance from the base of the forewing to the apex, including fringe
: 7.0-9.5 mm (male); 8.0-12.5 mm (female)

Forewing color is dull brown with dark-brown to reddish-brown markings. Pattern expression can vary between individuals, but the median fasciafascia:
a dark transverse band on the forewing
is complete from costacosta:
the anterior margin of each wing
to dorsumdorsum:
the lower (usually posterior) or inner margin
. Hindwings are brownish gray. Males have a forewing costal foldforewing costal fold:
a flap or fold at the base of the forewing that contains specialized sex scales
.

Male genitalia are characterized by a spatulatespatulate:
spoonlike, narrow basally and enlarged and rounded apically
uncusuncus:
a sclerotized process which is fused to the posterodorsal margin of tergum IX
; absent sociisocii:
a pair of lightly sclerotized setose lobes
; and broad, subrectangular valvaevalva:
an appendage flanking the intromittent organ that is used to clasp the female during copulation
. Female genitalia are characterized by a long, straight ductus bursaeductus bursae:
a membranous tube connecting the ostium bursae to the corpus bursae
with cestumcestum:
a long, bandlike sclerotization of the wall of the ductus bursae
present; and short, hook-like signumsignum:
a sclerotized projection or patch on the interior of the corpus bursae
present in the corpus bursaecorpus bursae:
a dilated membranous sac at the anterior end of the bursa copulatrix
.

Larval Morphology

The following account is summarized from Bradley et al. (1973).

Late instar larvae are approximately 22 mm in length. The abdomen is pale green to grayish green with dark dorsaldorsal:
upper, to the top, on the back
and laterallateral:
to the side
lines and conspicuous pale pinaculapinaculum:
flattened sclerotized plates on a caterpillar that bear the setae
. The head is orange or brownish orange. The prothoracic shieldprothoracic shield:
a sclerotized plate on the dorsal surface of the prothorax
is brownish orange with black posterolateralposterolateral:
towards the rear and side; posterior and lateral
margins. The thoracic legs and thoracic pinaculapinaculum:
flattened sclerotized plates on a caterpillar that bear the setae
are black.

Similar Species

Some individuals of A. fuscocupreanus resemble A. xylosteana, but the two species can be separated by the broader costal fold and continuous median fasica (from costacosta:
the anterior margin of each wing
to dorsumdorsum:
the lower (usually posterior) or inner margin
) in A. fuscocupreanus.

Other Archips species, including Archips crataegana, Archips grisea, and forms of Archips podana and Archips rosana, can appear similar to A. fuscocupreanus. A genitalic dissection can be used to confirm identity.

Biology

The following account is summarized from Maier (2003).

Archips fuscocupreanus completes one generation per year, with adults present in mid-June through mid-July in the northeastern U.S.

Females lay black egg masses on the trunks and limbs of trees. The eggs overwinter, and first instar larvae hatch the following spring. Early instars feed on young leaves. Later instars construct a shelter by webbing together leaves and consume leaves, flowers, and occasionally fruit. Pupation occurs in webbed leaves.

Larvae of Archips fuscocupreanus are highly polyphagous and have been recorded feeding on plants in more than 23 families. Many larval hosts are in the Rosaceae, and A. fuscocupreanus is an important pest of apple in East Asia. A partial host list is presented below; Maier (2003)Maier (2003):
Maier, C. T. 2003. Distribution, hosts, abundance, and seasonal flight activity of the exotic leafroller, Archips fuscocupreanus Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in the northeastern United States. Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 96: 660-666. provides a list of other minor hosts found in the northeastern U.S.

Host plant	Host plant family	Reference(s)
Acer sp.	Aceraceae	Yasuda 1975Yasuda 1975: Yasuda, T. 1975. The Tortricinae and Sparganothinae of Japan (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Part II. Bulletin of the University of Osaka Prefecture, Series B. 27: 79-251.
Ilex verticillata	Aquifoliaceae	Maier 2003Maier 2003: Maier, C. T. 2003. Distribution, hosts, abundance, and seasonal flight activity of the exotic leafroller, Archips fuscocupreanus Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in the northeastern United States. Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 96: 660-666.
Erigeron annuus	Asteraceae	Yasuda 1975Yasuda 1975: Yasuda, T. 1975. The Tortricinae and Sparganothinae of Japan (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Part II. Bulletin of the University of Osaka Prefecture, Series B. 27: 79-251.
Alnus sp.	Betulaceae	Yasuda 1975Yasuda 1975: Yasuda, T. 1975. The Tortricinae and Sparganothinae of Japan (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Part II. Bulletin of the University of Osaka Prefecture, Series B. 27: 79-251.
Betula platyphylla	Betulaceae	Yasuda 1975Yasuda 1975: Yasuda, T. 1975. The Tortricinae and Sparganothinae of Japan (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Part II. Bulletin of the University of Osaka Prefecture, Series B. 27: 79-251.
Corylus sp.	Betulaceae	LaGasa database 2004LaGasa database 2004: LaGasa database. 2004. Food plant data base and personal communications with E. LaGasa, Washington State Department of Agriculture.
Celastrus orbiculatus	Celastraceae	Maier 2003Maier 2003: Maier, C. T. 2003. Distribution, hosts, abundance, and seasonal flight activity of the exotic leafroller, Archips fuscocupreanus Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in the northeastern United States. Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 96: 660-666.
Cornus sp.	Cornaceae	LaGasa database 2004LaGasa database 2004: LaGasa database. 2004. Food plant data base and personal communications with E. LaGasa, Washington State Department of Agriculture.
Diospyros kaki	Ebenaceae	Yasuda 1975Yasuda 1975: Yasuda, T. 1975. The Tortricinae and Sparganothinae of Japan (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Part II. Bulletin of the University of Osaka Prefecture, Series B. 27: 79-251.
Elaeagnus umbellata	Elaeagnaceae	Maier 2003Maier 2003: Maier, C. T. 2003. Distribution, hosts, abundance, and seasonal flight activity of the exotic leafroller, Archips fuscocupreanus Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in the northeastern United States. Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 96: 660-666.
Rhododendron sp.	Ericaceae	LaGasa database 2004LaGasa database 2004: LaGasa database. 2004. Food plant data base and personal communications with E. LaGasa, Washington State Department of Agriculture.
Ricinus communis	Euphorbiaceae	Yasuda 1975Yasuda 1975: Yasuda, T. 1975. The Tortricinae and Sparganothinae of Japan (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Part II. Bulletin of the University of Osaka Prefecture, Series B. 27: 79-251.
Glycine max	Fabaceae	Yasuda 1975Yasuda 1975: Yasuda, T. 1975. The Tortricinae and Sparganothinae of Japan (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Part II. Bulletin of the University of Osaka Prefecture, Series B. 27: 79-251.; Tuck 1990Tuck 1990: Tuck, K. 1990. A taxonomic revision of the Malaysian and Indonesian species of Archips Huuml;bner (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Entomologica Scandinavica. 21: 179-196.
Phaseolus sp.	Fabaceae	Yasuda 1975Yasuda 1975: Yasuda, T. 1975. The Tortricinae and Sparganothinae of Japan (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Part II. Bulletin of the University of Osaka Prefecture, Series B. 27: 79-251.
Castanea crenata	Fagaceae	Yasuda 1975Yasuda 1975: Yasuda, T. 1975. The Tortricinae and Sparganothinae of Japan (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Part II. Bulletin of the University of Osaka Prefecture, Series B. 27: 79-251.
Castanea sp.	Fagaceae	Teramoto 1996Teramoto 1996: Teramoto, N. 1996. Studies on lepidopterous insect fauna on fagaceous plants, as the food plants of the wild silk moth, Antheraea yamamai . Bulletin of the Shiga Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station 19: 1-216. [plus additional records given to Gaeden Robinson in DB form]
Quercus acutissima	Fagaceae	Teramoto 1996Teramoto 1996: Teramoto, N. 1996. Studies on lepidopterous insect fauna on fagaceous plants, as the food plants of the wild silk moth, Antheraea yamamai . Bulletin of the Shiga Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station 19: 1-216. [plus additional records given to Gaeden Robinson in DB form]
Quercus glauca	Fagaceae	Funakoshi 2008Funakoshi 2008: Funakoshi, S. 2008. Tortricid moths feeding on Quercus glauca Thunb. Japan Heteroceristsrsquo; Journal. 247: 399-401.
Quercus mongolica	Fagaceae	Yasuda 1975Yasuda 1975: Yasuda, T. 1975. The Tortricinae and Sparganothinae of Japan (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Part II. Bulletin of the University of Osaka Prefecture, Series B. 27: 79-251.; Teramoto 1996Teramoto 1996: Teramoto, N. 1996. Studies on lepidopterous insect fauna on fagaceous plants, as the food plants of the wild silk moth, Antheraea yamamai . Bulletin of the Shiga Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station 19: 1-216. [plus additional records given to Gaeden Robinson in DB form]
Quercus serrata	Fagaceae	Yasuda 1975Yasuda 1975: Yasuda, T. 1975. The Tortricinae and Sparganothinae of Japan (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Part II. Bulletin of the University of Osaka Prefecture, Series B. 27: 79-251.; Teramoto 1996Teramoto 1996: Teramoto, N. 1996. Studies on lepidopterous insect fauna on fagaceous plants, as the food plants of the wild silk moth, Antheraea yamamai . Bulletin of the Shiga Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station 19: 1-216. [plus additional records given to Gaeden Robinson in DB form]
Quercus variabilis	Fagaceae	Teramoto 1996Teramoto 1996: Teramoto, N. 1996. Studies on lepidopterous insect fauna on fagaceous plants, as the food plants of the wild silk moth, Antheraea yamamai . Bulletin of the Shiga Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station 19: 1-216. [plus additional records given to Gaeden Robinson in DB form]
Deutzia sp.	Hydrangeaceae

Host plant table (embedded)

View full screen host table here

Distribution

A native of East Asia, Archips fuscocupreanus has been introduced to the northeastern United States (Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, and Rhode Island) and the Pacific Northwest (Washington).