Stryphnodendron

Taxonomy

Stryphnodendron C.F.P. von Martius Flora 20(2) Beibl.: 117. 1837.

Subfamily: Mimosoideae.
Phylogenetic Number: 2.3.20.
Tribe: Mimoseae.
Group: Piptadenia.
Species Studied - Species in Genus: 6 studied; ca. 20 in genus.

Description

Fruit: A legumelegume:
usually dry, dehiscent fruit derived from a single carpel that opens along two longitudinal sutures
; unilocular; 4–30 cm long; 0.8–2.5 cm wide; 0.1–1 cm thick; 2–9 times longer than wide, or more than 9 times longer than wide; with deciduous androecial sheath; with deciduous corolla; with deciduous calyx; without orifice formed by curving of fruit or fruit segments; straight, or curved to 0.5-coiled; not plicate; not twisted; symmetrical; linear (to broadly linear); not inflated; compressed to flattened; without beak; rounded at apex to tapered at apex; aligned with longitudinal axis of fruit; rounded at base to long tapered at base; aligned with longitudinal axis of fruit; with the apex and base uniform in texture; ligneous; margin constricted, or not constricted; margin slightly constricted only on 1 margin (dorsal margin); margin without sulcus; margin plain; wing(s) absent; substipitate to nonstipitate; with all layers dehiscing to indehiscent (tardily); splitting along suture(s). Dehiscence of valves along 1 suture; medial and up and down (remaining attached to sutures); passive. Replum invisible. Epicarp dull; monochrome; brown to black; with surface texture uniform; pubescent but soon deciduous, or glabrate to glabrous (with age); with hairs erect; tomentose; with simple hairs; eglandular; without spines; not smooth; with elevated features; not veined; not tuberculate; shagreen and rugose; not exfoliating; without cracks; without embedded tissue, much thicker than epicarp, running from base to apex. Mesocarp present, or absent; surface not veined; 1-layered; without balsamic vesicles; without reniform canals; spongy (pulpy to fleshy when fresh), or vitriol (when dry), or solid. Endocarp present; visible; dull; opaque; monochrome; brown; smooth; without adhering pieces of testa; septate; not exfoliating; remaining fused to mesocarp and epicarp; entire. Seed(s) 10–14; length oblique to fruit length to transverse to fruit length; neither overlapping nor touching; in 1 series. Funiculus up to 4 mm long; of 1 length only; thick to filiform; plicate. Aril absent.

Seed: 5–10 mm long; 4–6 mm wide; 3 mm thick; not overgrown; not angular; symmetrical; ovate to elliptic; compressed; with surface smooth; without visible radicle and cotyledon lobes; without hilar sinus; faintly with umbo on seed faces; without medial ridge on each face. Cuticle not exfoliating; not inflated; not wrinkled. Testa present; without pieces of adhering epicarp; not adhering to endocarp; free from endocarp; dull to glossy; not modified by a bloom; colored; monochrome; black to brown; glabrous; not smooth, or smooth; with elevated features; shagreen (with linear mound arising near hilum crossing pleurogram terminating in faint umbo). Pleurogram present; 90 %. Pseudopleurogram absent. Fracture lines present, or absent. Rim absent. Wing(s) absent. Raphe not visible. Hilum present; fully concealed; concealed by funicular remnant; without faboid split; punctiform; subapical to radicle tip; raised; not within corona, halo, or rim. Lens not discernible, or discernible; up to 0.3 mm long; with margins curved; circular; not in groove of raphe; recessed (a pit); similar color as testa; lighter than testa; tan; not within corona, halo, or rim. Endosperm present; thick; not pluglike and not resembling tip of radicle; covering entire embryo; adnate to embryo. Cotyledons smooth; both outer faces flat; both the same thickness; both more or less of equal length; somewhat with only 1 folded; margin entire 180 degrees from base of radicle; similar at apex; partially concealing radicle; split over radicle; with the interface division terminating at base of radicle; without margins recessed; inner face flat; glabrous on inner face. Embryonic axis straight; parallel to length of seed; without a joint evident between the radicle and the cotyledons. Radicle differentiated from cotyledon; straight with embryonic axis; centered between cotyledons; less than 1/2 length of cotyledons. Plumule rudimentary; glabrous.

Distribution

Tropical America.

New World (Tropical America); South America and Central America; Peru, Brazil, Ecuador, and the Guianas.

Generic Notes

Occhioni Martins (1974, 1975) and Occhioni Martins and Martins (1972) have studied this genus.