Sindora

Taxonomy

Sindora F.A.W. Miquel Fl. Ind. Batavae Suppl. 287. Jun 1861 ('1860').

Subfamily: Caesalpinioideae.
Phylogenetic Number: 1.4.42.
Tribe: Detarieae.
Group: Detarium.
Species Studied - Species in Genus: 9 studied; 19–21 in genus.

Description

Fruit: A legumelegume:
usually dry, dehiscent fruit derived from a single carpel that opens along two longitudinal sutures
; unilocular; 4.5–15 cm long; 3.5–8.5 cm wide; 1–1.5 cm thick; length less than twice as long as width; with deciduous androecial sheath; with deciduous corolla; with deciduous calyx; without orifice formed by curving of fruit or fruit segments; straight; not plicate; not twisted; symmetrical, or asymmetrical; ovate to elliptic; with 1 straight and 1 curved suture; widest near middle or D-shaped; not inflated; flattened; without beak; tapered at apex; oblique with longitudinal axis of fruit; rounded at base; oblique with longitudinal axis of fruit; with the apex and base uniform in texture; ligneous; seed chambers externally invisible; margin not constricted; margin without sulcus; margin plain; wing(s) absent; substipitate; tardily with all layers dehiscing (perhaps indehiscent); splitting along suture(s). Dehiscence of valves along 1 suture, or both sutures (dorsal). Replum invisible. Epicarp dull; monochrome; dark reddish brown to black; with surface texture uniform; glabrous to pubescent and indurate (hairs golden); with hairs erect; eglandular; with spines, or without spines (spines to 3 mm long); smooth, or not smooth; with elevated features; weakly veined, or not veined; reticulately veined; not tuberculate; warty; not exfoliating; without cracks; without embedded tissue, much thicker than epicarp, running from base to apex. Mesocarp present; surface not veined; 1-layered; without balsamic vesicles; with fibers; without reniform canals; mealy (fibers embedded in mealy tissue); ligneous. Endocarp present; visible; dull; opaque; monochrome; reddish brown; without adhering pieces of testa; septate to nonseptate; not exfoliating; remaining fused to mesocarp and epicarp; entire. Seed(s) 1–5; length oblique to fruit length; neither overlapping nor touching; in 1 series. Funiculus 0.1–2 mm long; of 1 length only; thick; straight to curved. Aril present (yellow, orange or red); fleshy; when fleshy irregular; entire; covering 1/2 to nearly all of seed to entire seed.

Seed: 13–40 mm long; 13–30 mm wide; 8–19 mm thick; not overgrown; not angular; symmetrical, or asymmetrical; elliptic to ovate, or irregular; compressed; with surface smooth; without visible radicle and cotyledon lobes; without hilar sinus; without umbo on seed faces; without medial ridge on each face. Cuticle not exfoliating; not inflated; not wrinkled. Testa present; without pieces of adhering epicarp; not adhering to endocarp; free from endocarp; glossy; not modified by a bloom; colored; monochrome; reddish brown; glabrous; smooth; osseous. Pleurogram absent. Pseudopleurogram absent. Fracture lines present; concentric. Rim absent. Wing(s) absent. Raphe not visible. Hilum present; fully concealed; concealed by aril, or funicular remnant; without faboid split; larger than punctiform; 0.1–2 mm long; with straight outline; subapical to radicle tip; flush (in slight depression); not within corona, halo, or rim. Lens discernible; 0.1–6 mm long; with margins curved; circular; not in groove of raphe; mounded; same color as testa; not within corona, halo, or rim. Endosperm absent. Cotyledons smooth; both outer faces convex; both the same thickness; both more or less of equal length; not folded; margin entire 180 degrees from base of radicle; similar at apex; completely concealing radicle; split over radicle; with the interface division terminating at base of radicle; without margins recessed; inner face flat; glabrous on inner face. Embryonic axis straight; parallel to length of seed; without a joint evident between the radicle and the cotyledons. Radicle differentiated from cotyledon; centered between cotyledons. Plumule rudimentary; glabrous.

Distribution

Southeast Asia, Malaysia, Gabon.

Old World; Africa, Indochina, China, and Indonesia and the Philippines (including Malaysia and Gabon).

Generic Notes

Testa 2-Layered: Outer hard, inner spongy and turned softening solution red.

Tribal Notes

Tribe Detarieae

Bruneau et al. (2000) carried out extensive phylogenetic analyses of tribes Amherstieae and Detarieae. They concluded that they form a single monophyletic group. Therefore, they supported Polhill's (1995a, 1995b) decision to unite the two tribes.