Shuteria

Taxonomy

Shuteria R. Wight & G.A.W. Arnott Nom. cons. Prodr. 207. Oct (prim.) 1834.

Subfamily: Faboideae.
Phylogenetic Number: 3.10.41.
Tribe: Phaseoleae.
Subtribe: Glycininae.
Species Studied - Species in Genus: 4 studied; 5 in genus.

Description

Fruit: A legumelegume:
usually dry, dehiscent fruit derived from a single carpel that opens along two longitudinal sutures
; unilocular; 3–5 cm long; 0.4–0.5 cm wide; 0.2–0.3 cm thick; 2–9 times longer than wide, or more than 9 times longer than wide; with persistent androecial sheath; with deciduous corolla; with persistent calyx; with calyx shorter than fruit; without orifice formed by curving of fruit or fruit segments; straight, or curved (slightly); not plicate; not twisted; symmetrical, or asymmetrical; linear, or falcate (slightly); with both sutures parallelly curved; not inflated; compressed; with beak (very short); straight; with solid beak the same color and texture as fruit; short tapered at apex; oblique with longitudinal axis of fruit; short tapered at base to rounded at base; aligned with longitudinal axis of fruit; with the apex and base uniform in texture; chartaceous; seed chambers externally visible (barely); seed chambers with the raised seed chambers not torulose; margin not constricted; margin without sulcus; margin plain; wing(s) absent; nonstipitate; with all layers dehiscing; splitting along suture(s). Dehiscence of valves along both sutures; apical and down; active; with valves twisting. Replum invisible. Epicarp dull; monochrome, or multicolored; mottled; orangish brown to dark brown; with brown overlay; mottling color combination variable; with surface texture uniform; pubescent and indurate; with hairs erect; with 1 type of pubescence; pilose to puberulent; with pubescence golden; with pubescence uniformly distributed; with simple hairs; pliable; with hair bases plain; eglandular; without spines; not smooth; with elevated features; veined, or not veined; irregularly veined; not tuberculate; papillose; not exfoliating; with cracks, or without cracks; cracking oblique to fruit length; without embedded tissue, much thicker than epicarp, running from base to apex. Mesocarp absent. Endocarp present; visible; dull; opaque; monochrome; brown; smooth; without adhering pieces of testa; nonseptate; chartaceous; not exfoliating; remaining fused to epicarp; without wings; entire. Seed(s) 4–11; length parallel with fruit length; neither overlapping nor touching; in 1 series. Funiculus 0.1–0.6 mm long; of 1 length only; flattened; triangular. Aril present; dry; when dry rim-aril, or 2-lipped rim-aril; entire; with tongues (or flap) on lips of 2-lipped rim-aril; with 1 tongue or flap on 1 lip of 2-lipped rim-aril; cream.

Seed: 2.7–5 mm long; 1.7–3 mm wide; 1.4–2.5 mm thick; not overgrown; not angular; symmetrical, or asymmetrical; reniform; terete to compressed; with surface smooth; with visible radicle and cotyledon lobes, or without visible radicle and cotyledon lobes; without external groove between radicle and cotyledon lobes; without hilar sinus; without umbo on seed faces; without medial ridge on each face. Cuticle not exfoliating; not inflated; not wrinkled. Testa present; without pieces of adhering epicarp; not adhering to endocarp; free from endocarp; glossy to dull; not modified by a bloom; colored; monochrome, or mottled; with frequent mottles; brown; with brown overlay (darker); glabrous; not smooth; with recessed features; striate, or pitted with small separate pits; coriaceous to chartaceous. Pleurogram absent. Pseudopleurogram absent. Fracture lines absent. Rim absent. Wing(s) absent. Raphe not visible. Hilum present; visible, or partially concealed; concealed by aril; with faboid split; with the lips of the faboid split the same color as the rest of the hilum; larger than punctiform; 1–1.4 mm long; with curved outline; circular to elliptic; apical according to radicle tip but marginal according to seed length; recessed; within rim, or within corona; corona color darker than testa; rim color darker than testa. Lens discernible; 0.5–0.7 mm long; with margins straight; linear; not in groove of raphe; confluent with hilum; recessed; similar color as testa; darker than testa; brown; within rim, or within corona; corona color darker than testa; rim color darker than testa. Endosperm present; thick; not pluglike and not resembling tip of radicle; covering entire embryo; adnate to embryo. Cotyledons smooth, or not smooth; 1–3 grooves on each face; both outer faces convex; both the same thickness; both more or less of equal length; not folded; margin entire 180 degrees from base of radicle; similar at apex; partially concealing radicle, or not concealing radicle; notched at radicle; without lobes; with the interface division terminating at base of radicle; without margins recessed; yellow; inner face flat; glabrous on inner face. Embryonic axis oblique; oblique to length of seed; without a joint evident between the radicle and the cotyledons. Radicle differentiated from cotyledon; bulbose; lobe tip curved; oblique to cotyledons; centered between cotyledons; less than 1/2 length of cotyledons. Plumule rudimentary; glabrous.

Distribution

Indomalaysia.

Old World; Indian Ocean, Southwest Asia, India, Indochina, Indonesia and the Philippines, China, and New Guinea.

Generic Notes

Van Thuan (1972) revised this genus. Lackey (1981) commented that Shuteria resembles Mastersia (10.32), especially in its seeds.

Tribal Notes

Tribe Phaseoleae

Bruneau et al. (1995) carried out cladistic analyses of tribe Phaseoleae using chloroplast DNA restriction site data. Their results indicated that the tribe is not monophyletic and that the tribal delimitations between Phaseoleae and Desmodieae (11) and between Phaseoleae and Millettieae (7) are problematic.