Panurea

Taxonomy

Panurea R. Spruce ex G. Bentham & J.D. Hooker Gen. 1: 456, 553. 19 Oct 1865.

Subfamily: Faboideae.
Phylogenetic Number: 3.2.30.
Tribe: Sophoreae.
Group: Dussia.
Species Studied - Species in Genus: 1 studied; 1 in genus.

Description

Fruit: A legume; unilocular; 16–19 cm long; 3.5–4 cm wide; ca. 0.2 cm thick (when immature); 2–9 times longer than wide; with deciduous androecial sheath; with deciduous corolla; with deciduous calyx; without orifice formed by curving of fruit or fruit segments; straight, or curved (slightly); not plicate; not twisted; asymmetrical; fusiform; with both sutures nearly straight; not inflated; compressed; without beak; tapered at apex; oblique with longitudinal axis of fruit; tapered at base; aligned with longitudinal axis of fruit, or oblique with longitudinal axis of fruit; with the apex and base uniform in texture; appearing ligneous; seed chambers externally invisible; margin not constricted; margin without sulcus; margin embellished; margin with thickened sutural areas; wing(s) absent; nonstipitate; with all layers dehiscing; splitting along suture(s). Dehiscence of valves along both sutures; apical and down; active; with valves twisting. Replum invisible. Epicarp dull; monochrome, or multicolored; mottled; brown; with brown overlay (darker); mottling color combination variable; with surface texture uniform; pubescent and indurate; with hairs erect; with 1 type of pubescence; puberulent; with pubescence brown; with pubescence uniformly distributed; with simple hairs; pliable; with hair bases plain; eglandular; without spines; not smooth; with elevated features; veined; reticulately veined; not tuberculate; not exfoliating; with cracks; cracking oblique to fruit length; without embedded tissue, much thicker than epicarp, running from base to apex. Mesocarp present; thin; surface not veined; 1-layered; without balsamic vesicles; without fibers; without reniform canals; solid; coriaceous. Endocarp present; visible; opaque; monochrome (assumed); reddish brown; entire. Seed(s) length oblique to fruit length. Aril present; dry; when dry rim-aril; crenate; covering less than 1/2 of seed; without tongue (or flap) on lips of 2-lipped rim-aril; brown.

Seed: Ca. 20 mm long; ca. 12 mm wide; ca. 2 mm thick; not overgrown; not angular; symmetrical; elliptic; flattened; with surface wrinkled; without visible radicle and cotyledon lobes; without hilar sinus; without umbo on seed faces; without medial ridge on each face. Cuticle not exfoliating; not inflated; not wrinkled. Testa present; without pieces of adhering epicarp; not adhering to endocarp; free from endocarp; dull; not modified by a bloom; colored; monochrome; black; glabrous; not smooth; with elevated features; ridged longitudinally more than once; chartaceous. Pleurogram absent. Pseudopleurogram absent. Fracture lines absent. Rim absent. Wing(s) absent. Raphe visible; from hilum through base of seed and up the other side; not bifurcating; color of testa; raised. Hilum present; fully concealed; concealed by aril; without faboid split; larger than punctiform; ca. 2 mm long; with curved outline; elliptic; apical at apex of radicle tip; recessed; within rim; rim color of testa. Endosperm absent (presumed). Cotyledons smooth; both outer faces flat; both the same thickness; both more or less of equal length; not folded; margin entire 180 degrees from base of radicle; similar at apex; not concealing radicle; without lobes; with the interface division terminating at base of radicle; without margins recessed; dark brown; inner face flat; glabrous on inner face. Embryonic axis parallel; parallel to length of seed; without a joint evident between the radicle and the cotyledons. Radicle differentiated from cotyledon; bulbose; lobe tip straight; straight with embryonic axis; centered between cotyledons; less than 1/2 length of cotyledons. Plumule rudimentary; glabrous.

Distribution

Colombia and Brazil.

New World; South America (Colombia and Brazil); Brazil.

Generic Notes

Our data were taken from a photographed herbarium specimen at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, an immature fruit specimen at the New York Botanical Garden, and a single damaged seed.

Tribal Notes

Tribe Sophoreae

Polhill (1981b) stated that the Sophoreae s.l. is a tribe of convenience between the Caesalpinioideae and the bulk of the Papilionoideae, sharply defined from neither. He transferred four genera from Sophoreae into the Swartzieae (1), Amburana (3.1.15), Ateleia (3.1.13), Cyathostegia (3.1.14), and Holocalyx (3.1.12), following Herendeen's (1995) cladistic analyses. Herendeen performed cladistic analyses for all Swartzieae genera, sensu Cowan (1981), 19 Sophoreae genera, and three Caesalpinioideae genera. He concluded that Swartzieae is polyphyletic and that it should be disbanded and its genera transferred to Sophoreae. Preliminary rbcL data (Doyle et al. 1997) supported his conclusions.