Maniltoa

Taxonomy

Maniltoa R.H.C.C. Scheffer Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg 1: 20. Post Oct 1876.

Subfamily: Caesalpinioideae.
Phylogenetic Number: 1.4.05.
Tribe: Detarieae.
Group: Cynometra.
Species Studied - Species in Genus: 9 studied; 20–25 in genus.

Description

Fruit: A legume; unilocular; 3–8 cm long; 2.5–5.5 cm wide; 1.5–4 cm thick; length less than twice as long as width; with deciduous androecial sheath; with deciduous corolla; with deciduous calyx; without orifice formed by curving of fruit or fruit segments; straight to curved (nearly); not plicate; not twisted; symmetrical, or asymmetrical; oblong; with 1 straight and 1 curved suture; widest near middle or D-shaped; not inflated; compressed to terete; without beak; tapered at apex; oblique with longitudinal axis of fruit to right-angled with longitudinal axis of fruit; rounded at base; oblique with longitudinal axis of fruit; with the apex and base uniform in texture; ligneous; seed chambers externally invisible; margin not constricted, or constricted (near apex); margin without sulcus; margin plain; wing(s) absent; substipitate to nonstipitate; indehiscent. Replum invisible. Epicarp dull; monochrome; dirth tannish to reddish brown; with surface texture uniform; glabrous; eglandular; without spines; not smooth; with elevated features; not veined; not tuberculate; scurfy; exfoliating in part; without cracks; without embedded tissue, much thicker than epicarp, running from base to apex. Mesocarp present; surface not veined; 1-layered; without balsamic vesicles; without fibers; without reniform canals; solid (or nearly so); ligneous. Endocarp present; visible; dull; opaque; monochrome; reddish brown; without adhering pieces of testa; nonseptate; not exfoliating; remaining fused to mesocarp and epicarp; entire. Seed(s) 1–2; length parallel with fruit length to transverse to fruit length; neither overlapping nor touching; in 1 series. Funiculus 0.1–1.5 mm long; of 1 length only; thick; straight. Aril absent.

Seed: 22–45 mm long; 15–30 mm wide; 8–15 mm thick; not overgrown; not angular; asymmetrical; D-shaped; compressed; with surface smooth; without visible radicle and cotyledon lobes; without hilar sinus; without umbo on seed faces; without medial ridge on each face. Cuticle not exfoliating; not inflated; not wrinkled. Testa present; without pieces of adhering epicarp; not adhering to endocarp; free from endocarp; dull; not modified by a bloom; colored; monochrome; reddish brown, or black; glabrous; not smooth; with elevated features, or recessed features; rugose (because of cotyledon); shallowly pitted with small separate pits; coriaceous. Pleurogram absent. Pseudopleurogram absent. Fracture lines absent. Rim absent. Wing(s) absent. Raphe not visible. Hilum present; visible; without faboid split; larger than punctiform; 0.1–0.7 mm long; with curved outline; circular; apical according to radicle tip but marginal according to seed length; flush; not within corona, halo, or rim. Lens not discernible. Endosperm absent. Cotyledons smooth; both outer faces convex; both the same thickness; both more or less of equal length; not folded; margin entire 180 degrees from base of radicle; similar at apex; completely concealing radicle, or partially concealing radicle (almost completely); with lobes; with lobes touching (auriculate) and not touching; without basal groin formed by lobes; with the interface division terminating at base of radicle; without margins recessed; inner face flat; glabrous on inner face. Embryonic axis straight (or nearly so); perpendicular to length of seed; without a joint evident between the radicle and the cotyledons. Radicle differentiated from cotyledon; centered between cotyledons. Plumule rudimentary (occasionally encircled by ring of reddish brown hairs); glabrous.

Distribution

Southeast Asia, India, Malaysia to New Guinea and Australia and Fiji.

Old World; India, Indochina, Indonesia and the Philippines, Australia, Pacific, and Fiji (Malaysia).

Tribal Notes

Tribe Detarieae

Bruneau et al. (2000) carried out extensive phylogenetic analyses of tribes Amherstieae and Detarieae. They concluded that they form a single monophyletic group. Therefore, they supported Polhill's (1995a, 1995b) decision to unite the two tribes.