Macrosamanea

Taxonomy

Macrosamanea N.L. Britton & E.P. Killip Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 35: 131. 7 Apr 1936.

Subfamily: Mimosoideae.
Phylogenetic Number: 2.5.25.
Tribe: Ingeae.
Species Studied - Species in Genus: 5 studied; 11 in genus.

Description

Fruit: A legume; unilocular; 6–31 cm long (Barneby and Grimes, 1996); 1.5–7 cm wide (Barneby and Grimes, 1996); 0.3–2 cm thick; 2–9 times longer than wide, or more than 9 times longer than wide; with deciduous androecial sheath; with deciduous corolla; with persistent calyx, or deciduous calyx; with calyx shorter than fruit; without orifice formed by curving of fruit or fruit segments; straight to curved; not plicate; not twisted; asymmetrical, or symmetrical; narrowly to broadly oblong, or falcate, or linear (rarely); with both sutures parallelly curved; not inflated; compressed to flattened; without beak, or with beak; straight; with solid beak the same color and texture as fruit; rounded at apex to truncate at apex; aligned with longitudinal axis of fruit, or oblique with longitudinal axis of fruit (slightly); rounded at base to short tapered at base; aligned with longitudinal axis of fruit, or oblique with longitudinal axis of fruit (slightly); with the apex and base uniform in texture; coriaceous, or leathery, or ligneous; seed chambers externally visible, or invisible; seed chambers with the raised seed chambers not torulose, or torulose; margin constricted; margin slightly constricted along both margins, or slightly constricted only on 1 margin; margin without sulcus; margin plain; wing(s) absent; nonstipitate, or substipitate; with the stipe 7–9 mm long (Barneby and Grimes, 1996); with all layers dehiscing; splitting along suture(s). Dehiscence of valves along 1 suture (dorsally), or both sutures (remaining attached to sutures); apical and down, or medial and up and down; passive. Replum invisible. Epicarp glossy to dull; monochrome; brown; with surface texture uniform; pubescent and indurate to glabrate to glabrous; with hairs erect; with 1 type of pubescence; puberulent; with pubescence brown, or red; with pubescence uniformly distributed, or pubescence denser near sutures, sparser centrally; with simple hairs; pliable; with hair bases plain; eglandular; without spines; not smooth; with elevated features; veined; transversely veined relative to fruit length, or reticulately veined; not tuberculate; not exfoliating; without cracks; without embedded tissue, much thicker than epicarp, running from base to apex. Mesocarp present; thick, or thin; surface uniformly veined, or not veined; 1-layered; without balsamic vesicles; with fibers, or without fibers; without reniform canals; fibrous throughout, or solid; coriaceous. Endocarp present; visible; dull; opaque; monochrome; brown, or tan; smooth, or scurfy; without adhering pieces of testa; nonseptate; chartaceous; not exfoliating; remaining fused to mesocarp and epicarp; without wings; entire. Seed(s) 10–18 (Barneby and Grimes, 1996Barneby and Grimes, 1996:
Albizia, and allies. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 74(1): 1&-292. ); length transverse to fruit length, or oblique to fruit length (near ends of some fruits); overlapping; in 1 series. Funiculus 5–15 mm long; of 1 length only; filiform; hooked. Aril absent.

Seed: 15–34 mm long (Barneby and Grimes, 1996Barneby and Grimes, 1996:
Albizia, and allies. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 74(1): 1&-292. ); 10–27 mm wide (Barneby and Grimes, 1996Barneby and Grimes, 1996:
Albizia, and allies. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 74(1): 1&-292. ); 1–8 mm thick; not overgrown; not angular; symmetrical; oblong to elliptic, or circular (sub); compressed; with surface smooth; without visible radicle and cotyledon lobes; without hilar sinus; without umbo on seed faces; without medial ridge on each face. Cuticle not exfoliating; not inflated; not wrinkled. Testa present; without pieces of adhering epicarp; not adhering to endocarp; free from endocarp; dull; not modified by a bloom; colored; monochrome; brown; glabrous; not smooth; with elevated features; rugose and shagreen, or wrinkled (especially over seed); chartaceous (breaking and falling off the seeds). Pleurogram absent. Pseudopleurogram absent. Fracture lines absent. Rim absent. Wing(s) present, or absent; continuous around seed (minute winglike rim about 0.4 mm wide). Raphe not visible. Hilum present; visible; without faboid split; larger than punctiform; 0.3–0.4 mm long; with straight outline; oblong, or linear; subapical to radicle tip to apical at apex of radicle tip; raised; not within corona, halo, or rim. Lens not discernible. Endosperm absent. Cotyledons smooth; both outer faces flat, or both outer faces convex; both the same thickness; both more or less of equal length; not folded; margin entire 180 degrees from base of radicle; similar at apex; completely concealing radicle; split over radicle; with lobes, or without lobes; with lobes overlapping; with basal groin formed by lobes; with the interface division terminating at base of radicle; without margins recessed; dark brown; inner face flat; glabrous on inner face. Embryonic axis straight; parallel to length of seed; without a joint evident between the radicle and the cotyledons. Radicle differentiated from cotyledon; triangular; lobe tip straight; straight with embryonic axis; centered between cotyledons; less than 1/2 length of cotyledons. Plumule well developed; densely pubescent.

Distribution

Generic Notes

Nielsen (1981a:190) and Gunn (1984:180) recognized two Brazilian species, Pithecellobium adiantifolium (C.S. Kunth) G. Bentham [=Macrosamanea discolor C.L. Willdenow) N.L. Britton & J.N. Rose var. discolor] and Pithecellobium lindsaeifolium G. Bentham [=Macrosamanea pubiramea (E.G. von Steudel) R.C. Barnneby & J.W. Grimes var. lindsaeifolia (G. Bentham) R.C. Barneby & J.W. Grimes], as an un-named genus D. Barneby and Grimes (1996) determined that the name Macrosamanea applied to those species, and that there are an additional nine species in the genus which they monographed. Their species number and distribution are used.