Kingiodendron

Taxonomy

Kingiodendron H.A.T. Harms In Engler et Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. II-IV 1: 194. Oct 1897.

Subfamily: Caesalpinioideae.
Phylogenetic Number: 1.4.27.
Tribe: Detarieae.
Group: Crudia.
Species Studied - Species in Genus: 5 studied; 6 in genus.

Description

Fruit: A legume; unilocular; 3.5–9 cm long; 2–6.5 cm wide; 0.8–4.3 cm thick; length less than twice as long as width to 2–9 times longer than wide; with deciduous androecial sheath; with deciduous corolla; with deciduous calyx; without orifice formed by curving of fruit or fruit segments; straight; not plicate; not twisted; asymmetrical; triangular, or oblong, or obovate to circular; not inflated; compressed to terete; without beak; tapered at apex; aligned with longitudinal axis of fruit to right-angled with longitudinal axis of fruit; rounded at base; aligned with longitudinal axis of fruit to oblique with longitudinal axis of fruit; with the apex and base uniform in texture; coriaceous to ligneous; seed chambers externally invisible; margin not constricted; margin without sulcus; margin plain; wing(s) absent; substipitate to nonstipitate; tardily with all layers dehiscing to indehiscent; splitting along suture(s). Dehiscence of valves along both sutures; passive. Replum invisible. Epicarp nearly glossy to dull; monochrome; brown; with surface texture uniform; glabrous; eglandular; without spines; not smooth; with elevated features; not veined; not tuberculate; rugose and scaly, or pusticulate; not exfoliating; without cracks; without embedded tissue, much thicker than epicarp, running from base to apex. Mesocarp present; surface not veined; 1-layered, or 2-layered; without balsamic vesicles; in 2-layered types with fibers; without reniform canals; longitudinally fibrous throughout; with fibers reticulate embedded in mealy tissue over solid layer; ligneous. Endocarp present; visible; dull; opaque; monochrome; dark brown; without adhering pieces of testa; nonseptate; not exfoliating; remaining fused to mesocarp and epicarp; entire. Seed(s) 1; length parallel with fruit length. Funiculus 0.1–0.4 mm long; of 1 length only; flattened; straight. Aril absent.

Seed: 27–58 mm long; 13–37 mm wide; 5–22 mm thick; not overgrown; not angular; symmetrical; circular to oblong, or cordate; terete to compressed; with surface smooth; without visible radicle and cotyledon lobes; without hilar sinus; without umbo on seed faces; without medial ridge on each face. Cuticle not exfoliating; not inflated; not wrinkled. Testa present; without pieces of adhering epicarp; not adhering to endocarp; free from endocarp; glossy to dull (vitriol); not modified by a bloom; colored; monochrome; dark reddish brown; glabrous; not smooth; with elevated features, or recessed features; rugose; longitudinally striate; chartaceous. Pleurogram absent. Pseudopleurogram absent. Fracture lines absent. Rim absent. Wing(s) absent. Raphe not visible. Hilum present; visible; without faboid split; larger than punctiform; 0.1–2 mm long; with straight outline; subapical to radicle tip; flush; not within corona, halo, or rim. Lens not discernible. Endosperm absent. Cotyledons smooth; both outer faces convex; both the same thickness; both more or less of equal length; not folded; margin entire 180 degrees from base of radicle; similar at apex; completely concealing radicle; entire over radicle; with the interface division terminating at base of radicle; without margins recessed; inner face flat; glabrous on inner face. Embryonic axis straight; parallel to length of seed to oblique to length of seed; without a joint evident between the radicle and the cotyledons. Radicle differentiated from cotyledon; centered between cotyledons. Plumule glabrous.

Distribution

India and Malaysia, Philippine Islands, Moluccas, and New Guinea.

Old World; India, Indonesia and the Philippines, Pacific, and Fiji (including Malaysia, Moluccas, Philippine Islands, and New Guinea).

Generic Notes

Brenan (1967) noted that Kingiodendron is not or scarcely distinct from Oxystigma (4.25), and seed characters confirm this statement.

Tribal Notes

Tribe Detarieae

Bruneau et al. (2000) carried out extensive phylogenetic analyses of tribes Amherstieae and Detarieae. They concluded that they form a single monophyletic group. Therefore, they supported Polhill's (1995a, 1995b) decision to unite the two tribes.