Subfamily: Faboideae.
Phylogenetic Number: 3.4.03.
Tribe: Dalbergieae.
Group: Andira.
Species Studied - Species in Genus: 11 studied; 17 in genus.
Fruit: A legume; unilocular; 4.5–20 cm long; 1.5–6 cm wide; 0.17–0.18 cm thick; 2–9 times longer than wide; with deciduous androecial sheath; with deciduous corolla; with persistent calyx; with calyx shorter than fruit; without orifice formed by curving of fruit or fruit segments; straight, or curved (slightly); not plicate; not twisted, or twisted (at base in H. modestum W.A. Ducke and in other folded); symmetrical, or asymmetrical; oblong, or oblanceolate, or linear, or elliptic, or circular; with both sutures parallelly curved, or both sutures nearly straight; not inflated; flattened; without beak; short tapered at apex, or rounded at apex, or emarginate at apex; aligned with longitudinal axis of fruit, or oblique with longitudinal axis of fruit; short tapered at base; aligned with longitudinal axis of fruit, or right angled with longitudinal axis of fruit; with the apex and base uniform in texture; coriaceous, or membranous, or chartaceous; seed chambers externally visible; margin not constricted; margin without sulcus; margin embellished; margin with wing(s); wing(s) present; wing(s) 1; wing(s) 2.5 mm wide; wing(s) samaroid (and occasionally lower portion of one wing folds over itself); wing(s) on both sutures; substipitate; indehiscent. Replum invisible. Epicarp dull; monochrome; purple (reddish), or brown; with surface texture uniform; glabrous; eglandular; without spines; not smooth; with elevated features; veined; reticulately veined (and with or without one or two major veins arising from stipe); not tuberculate; not exfoliating; without cracks; without embedded tissue, much thicker than epicarp, running from base to apex. Mesocarp present, or absent (or nearly so in wing areas of some species); thin; surface not veined; 1-layered; without balsamic vesicles; without fibers; without reniform canals; solid; coriaceous, or chartaceous. Endocarp present; visible; dull; opaque; monochrome; tan; smooth; without adhering pieces of testa; nonseptate; chartaceous; not exfoliating; remaining fused to mesocarp and epicarp; remaining fused to epicarp; with wing(s) extending into epicarp; entire. Seed(s) 1–3(–4); length parallel with fruit length; neither overlapping nor touching; in 1 series. Funiculus of 1 length only; flattened; curved (slightly). Aril absent.
Seed: 12–40 mm long; 4–9 mm wide; 2–2.5 mm thick; not overgrown; not angular; asymmetrical; oblong, or linear, or C-shaped; flattened; with surface smooth; without visible radicle and cotyledon lobes; without hilar sinus; without umbo on seed faces; without medial ridge on each face. Cuticle not exfoliating; not inflated; not wrinkled. Testa present; without pieces of adhering epicarp; not adhering to endocarp; free from endocarp; dull; not modified by a bloom; colored; monochrome; purple (reddish); glabrous; not smooth; with elevated features; wrinkled (longitudinal); coriaceous. Pleurogram absent. Pseudopleurogram absent. Fracture lines absent. Rim absent. Wing(s) absent. Raphe visible; from hilum to lens (at base of seed); not bifurcating; color of testa; raised (slightly). Hilum present; fully concealed; concealed by funiculus; without faboid split; punctiform; between cotyledon and radicle lobe; flush; not within corona, halo, or rim. Lens discernible, or not discernible; 0.1–1 mm long; not in groove of raphe; 180 degrees from hilum (nearly); mounded; similar color as testa; darker than testa; purple (reddish); not within corona, halo, or rim. Endosperm absent. Cotyledons smooth; both outer faces convex; both the same thickness; both more or less of equal length; not folded; margin entire 180 degrees from base of radicle; differing at apex (1 concealed by overarching radicle and other auriculate and concealing radicle); not concealing radicle; notched at radicle; without lobes, or with lobes; with lobes not touching; without basal groin formed by lobes; with the interface division terminating at base of radicle; without margins recessed; tan; inner face flat; glabrous on inner face. Embryonic axis deflexed, or straight; oblique to length of seed, or parallel to length of seed; without a joint evident between the radicle and the cotyledons. Radicle differentiated from cotyledon; bulbose; lobe tip straight; deflexed and parallel to cotyledon width, or straight with embryonic axis; centered between cotyledons; less than 1/2 length of cotyledons. Plumule rudimentary; glabrous.
Mattos (1979b) monographed the genus, recognizing 17 species, and we are using this count rather than the 10–15 count of Polhill (1981d). Lima (1982a) reported on the morphology of the species in this genus that are deposited in the herbarium in the Botanic Garden at Rio de Janeiro (RB).
Tribe Dalbergieae
Lima (1989) analyzed the morphological characters of fruits, seeds and seedlings of the tribe and his characters and illustrations were used as a much appreciated source of accurate data. He also discussed the phylogeny of the tribe. Sousa and Sousa (1981) provided data to support their conclusion that the New World Lonchocarpinae be considered for tribal status: A segregate of the Dalbergieae. Hauman (1954) provided data on the Dalbergieae of Central Africa, and Lock (1989) listed the Dalbergieae for all of Africa. Thothathri (1986) reviewed the taxonomic status and systematic position of Asiatic Dalbergieae, and monographed tribe Dalbergieae for the Indian subcontinent (Thothathri, 1987). Morphological (Lima 1989) and molecular (Doyle et al. 1997) evidence has indicated that tribe Dalbergieae is polyphyletic.
Authors: J.H. Kirkbride, Jr., C.R. Gunn, A.L. Weitzman, M.J. Dallwitz, K.R. Thiele
Content last updated April 2003
Released April 2024 on idtools.org
