Havardia

Taxonomy

Havardia J.K. Small Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 2: 91. 27 Mai 1901.

Subfamily: Mimosoideae.
Phylogenetic Number: 2.5.13.
Tribe: Ingeae.
Species Studied - Species in Genus: 4 studied; 5 in genus.

Description

Fruit: A legume; unilocular; 4–15 cm long; 1–2.5 cm wide; 0.3–5 cm thick; 2–9 times longer than wide; with deciduous androecial sheath; with deciduous corolla; with deciduous calyx; without orifice formed by curving of fruit or fruit segments; straight; not plicate; not twisted; symmetrical; oblong, or linear (Barneby and Grimes, 1996); not inflated; flattened; with beak, or without beak; straight; with solid beak the same color and texture as fruit; rounded at apex, or tapered at apex, or short tapered at apex; aligned with longitudinal axis of fruit; short tapered at base to long tapered at base; aligned with longitudinal axis of fruit; with the apex and base uniform in texture; chartaceous; seed chambers externally faintly visible; seed chambers with the raised seed chambers not torulose; margin constricted, or not constricted; margin constricted along both margins; margin without sulcus; margin plain; wing(s) absent; stipitate, or substipitate; with the stipe 5–16 mm long (Barneby and Grimes, 1996); with all layers dehiscing; splitting along suture(s). Dehiscence of valves along both sutures; passive (separating but not twisting, remaining attached to sutures). Replum invisible. Epicarp dull; monochrome; reddsh brown with grayish cast caused by pubescence to blackish brown; with surface texture uniform; glabrous, or pubescent and indurate; with hairs erect; with 1 type of pubescence, or 2 types of pubescence; puberulent, or tomentose; with pubescence brown, or brown and red (Havardia albicans (C.S. Kunth) N.L. Britton & J.N. Rose); with pubescence uniformly distributed, or pubescence denser near sutures, sparser centrally; with simple hairs, or simple hairs and complex hairs; with coralloid hairs (Havardia albicans (C.S. Kunth) N.L. Britton & J.N. Rose); pliable; with hair bases plain; eglandular; without spines; not smooth; with elevated features; not veined, or veined; transversely veined relative to fruit length (parallelly); not tuberculate; not exfoliating; without cracks; without embedded tissue, much thicker than epicarp, running from base to apex. Mesocarp present; thin, or trace; surface not veined; 1-layered; without balsamic vesicles; without fibers; without reniform canals; spongy (when thin), or vitriol (when trace); chartaceous. Endocarp present; visible; dull; opaque; monochrome; tan (and usually darker in seed chamber); smooth; without adhering pieces of testa; nonseptate; chartaceous; not exfoliating; remaining fused to mesocarp and epicarp; entire. Seed(s) 7–13 (Barneby and Grimes, 1996); length transverse to fruit length; neither overlapping nor touching; in 1 series. Funiculus 4–10 mm long; of 1 length only; thick; plicate. Aril absent.

Seed: 5–12 mm long (Barneby and Grimes, 1996Barneby and Grimes, 1996:
Albizia, and allies. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 74(1): 1&-292. ); 4–10 mm wide (Barneby and Grimes, 1996); 1.2–2 mm thick (Barneby and Grimes, 1996); not overgrown; not angular; symmetrical; circular, or elliptic, or oblong; flattened; with surface smooth; without visible radicle and cotyledon lobes; with shallow hilar sinus; without umbo on seed faces; without medial ridge on each face. Cuticle not exfoliating; not inflated; not wrinkled. Testa present; without pieces of adhering epicarp; not adhering to endocarp; free from endocarp; dull, or glossy; not modified by a bloom; colored; monochrome; blackish brown to brown; glabrous; smooth to not smooth; with elevated features, or recessed features; shagreen; pitted with small separate pits (especially when immature); coriaceous. Pleurogram present; 95–100 %. Pseudopleurogram absent. Fracture lines present; reticulate. Rim absent. Wing(s) absent. Raphe not visible. Hilum present; fully concealed; concealed by funicular remnant; without faboid split; larger than punctiform; 0.3–0.4 mm long; with curved outline; circular, or elliptic; apical at apex of radicle tip; flush; not within corona, halo, or rim. Lens discernible; 0.1–0.4 mm long; with margins straight, or curved; linear; circular; not in groove of raphe; confluent with hilum, or adjacent to hilum; 0–0.1 mm from hilum; flush; dissimilar color from testa; lighter than testa; white; not within corona, halo, or rim. Endosperm present; thin; not pluglike and not resembling tip of radicle; adnate to testa. Cotyledons smooth; both outer faces flat; both the same thickness; both more or less of equal length; not folded; margin entire 180 degrees from base of radicle; similar at apex; completely concealing radicle, or partially concealing radicle; split over radicle; with lobes; with lobes overlapping; with basal groin formed by lobes; with the interface division terminating at base of radicle; without margins recessed; tan; inner face flat; glabrous on inner face. Embryonic axis straight; parallel to length of seed; without a joint evident between the radicle and the cotyledons. Radicle differentiated from cotyledon; bulbose, or triangular; lobe tip straight; straight with embryonic axis; centered between cotyledons; less than 1/2 length of cotyledons. Plumule well developed; glabrous.

Distribution

Warm-Temperate and tropical Mexico, Central America, and southern Texas, adajcent to Mexico.

New World; warm-temperate and tropical Mexico, Central America, and United States (southern Texas).

Generic Notes

Barneby and Grimes (1996) monographed the genus, and restricted it to just five species in the New World. Their species count and distribution are used.