Endosamara

Taxonomy

Endosamara R. Geesink Leiden Bot. Ser. 8: 93. 1984.

Subfamily: Faboideae.
Phylogenetic Number: 3.7.
Tribe: Millettieae.
Species Studied - Species in Genus: 1 studied; 2 in genus.

Description

Fruit: A legume; unilocular; 10–25 cm long; 1–1.6 cm wide; 2–9 times longer than wide, or more than 9 times longer than wide; with deciduous androecial sheath; with deciduous corolla; with deciduous calyx; without orifice formed by curving of fruit or fruit segments; straight; not plicate; not twisted; symmetrical, or asymmetrical; linear (or nearly so); with both sutures parallelly curved; not inflated; flattened; with beak, or without beak; straight; with solid beak the same color and texture as fruit; rounded at apex, or tapered at apex; aligned with longitudinal axis of fruit, or oblique with longitudinal axis of fruit; rounded at base; aligned with longitudinal axis of fruit; with the apex and base uniform in texture; margin constricted (in literature), or not constricted; margin slightly constricted along both margins; wing(s) absent; substipitate; with the stipe 2–3 mm long; with epicarp and mesocarp dehiscing and endocarp not dehiscing; with epicarp and mesocarp splitting along suture, endocarp lomented, forming an envelope around each seed, with a flat winglike part. Dehiscence of valves along both sutures; apical and down. Epicarp glabrous; without spines; without embedded tissue, much thicker than epicarp, running from base to apex. Mesocarp absent. Endocarp present; visible; chartaceous; separating from epicarp; with wing(s) not extending into epicarp; separating into 1-seeded winged segments. Seed(s) 4–5; length parallel with fruit length; neither overlapping nor touching; in 1 series. Aril absent.

Seed: Ca. 10 mm long; 5–7 mm wide; 2–6 mm thick; not overgrown; not angular; symmetrical; elliptic (with one end somewhat pointed); terete; with surface smooth; without visible radicle and cotyledon lobes; without hilar sinus; without umbo on seed faces; without medial ridge on each face. Cuticle not exfoliating; not inflated; not wrinkled. Testa present; without pieces of adhering epicarp; not adhering to endocarp; free from endocarp; dull; not modified by a bloom; colored; monochrome; dark reddish brown; glabrous; smooth; chartaceous. Pleurogram absent. Pseudopleurogram absent. Fracture lines absent. Rim absent. Wing(s) absent. Raphe visible; from hilum through lens to base of seed and terminating; not bifurcating; color of testa; raised. Hilum present; visible; with faboid split; with the lips of the faboid split the same color as the rest of the hilum; larger than punctiform; 2–3 mm long; with curved outline; elliptic; apical according to radicle tip but marginal according to seed length; recessed; within rim; rim color of testa. Lens discernible; ca. 1 mm long; with margins straight; triangular; not in groove of raphe; confluent with hilum; flush; similar color as testa; darker than testa; brown; not within corona, halo, or rim.

Distribution

South India to Indochina and Philippines.

Old World; India, Indochina, Indonesia and the Philippines, and Pacific.

Generic Notes

Geesink (1984) noted that Dunn (1912) placed Millettia racemosa (W. Roxburgh) G. Bentham in the monotypic section Bracteatae. Dunn mentioned the separating endocarp, but may have considered the lomentation of the endocarp to be an artifact. Geesink regarded this lomentation to be unique in the Fabaceae, but it is also found in Glottidium (8.01A). No fruits and only one seed were studied; limited information taken from literature and photocopies of herbarium specimens. Adema (pers. comm., 1998) confirmed that there are two species in this genus, and his species count is used.

Tribal Notes

Tribe Millettieae

Geesink (1981) treated this tribe, as others before him, under the tribal name Tephroseae, but we now know that its correct name is Millettieae. Recent tribal studies (Geesink, 1981, 1984; Polhill, 1994a, 1994b) have arranged the genera in alphabetical order without phylogenetic numbers. Geesink (1984) monographed tribe Millettieae, and presented descriptive notes about fruits and seeds and in situ fruit and seed drawings. However, we are not entirely following Geesink (1984) for generic parameters because he either questioned the status of many of his new genera or did not make the necessary species transfers. The few new genera which he clearly recognized are being accepted. Lavin et al. (1998) developed a preliminary infratribal classification of six informal groups using phytochrome nucleotides: Millettia group, Lonchocarpus group, Derris group, Tephrosia group, "primitive" group, and Phaseoleae group. Lavin (1987) transferred Sphinctospermum to Millettieae. Lavin and Doyle (1991) carried out cladistic analyses integrating morphological and chloroplast DNA data, and concluded that it is a member of Robineae where we have placed it (now 8.12).