Dunbaria

Taxonomy

Dunbaria R. Wight & G.A.W. Arnott Prodr. 258. Oct (prim.) 1834.

Subfamily: Faboideae.
Phylogenetic Number: 3.10.74.
Tribe: Phaseoleae.
Subtribe: Cajaninae.
Species Studied - Species in Genus: 4 studied; 20 in genus.

Description

Fruit: A legume; unilocular; 1.2–4.7 cm long; 0.5–0.9 cm wide; 2–9 times longer than wide; with persistent androecial sheath; with deciduous corolla; with persistent calyx; with calyx shorter than fruit; without orifice formed by curving of fruit or fruit segments; straight; not plicate; not twisted; asymmetrical; falcate; with both sutures parallelly curved; not inflated; compressed; with beak; straight, or hooked; with solid beak the same color and texture as fruit; tapered at apex; aligned with longitudinal axis of fruit; tapered at base; aligned with longitudinal axis of fruit; with the apex and base uniform in texture; coriaceous; seed chambers externally invisible, or visible; seed chambers with the raised seed chambers not torulose; margin not constricted; margin without sulcus; margin plain; wing(s) absent; nonstipitate; with all layers dehiscing; splitting along suture(s). Dehiscence of valves along both sutures; apical and down; active; with valves twisting. Replum invisible. Epicarp dull; monochrome; brown, or green; with surface texture uniform; pubescent and indurate; with hairs erect; with 1 type of pubescence, or 2 types of pubescence; puberulent and sericeous, or puberulent; with pubescence golden; with pubescence uniformly distributed; with simple hairs; pliable; with hair bases plain and swollen, or plain; glandular, or eglandular; with glandular hairs and dots; without spines; not smooth; with elevated features; not veined; not tuberculate; muricate; exfoliating in part; with cracks, or without cracks; cracking oblique to fruit length; without embedded tissue, much thicker than epicarp, running from base to apex. Mesocarp present; thin; surface not veined; 1-layered; without balsamic vesicles; without reniform canals; solid; coriaceous. Endocarp present; visible; dull; opaque; monochrome; brown to tan; smooth; without adhering pieces of testa; septate; with septa thin (tissue paper-like), flexible; chartaceous; not exfoliating; remaining fused to mesocarp and epicarp; without wings; entire. Seed(s) 4–5(–10) (10 from literature); length transverse to fruit length; neither overlapping nor touching; in 1 series. Funiculus 0.5–0.6 mm long; of 1 length only; flattened; triangular. Aril present; fleshy (and hard); when fleshy 2-lipped rim-aril; entire; covering less than 1/2 of seed; with tongues (or flap) on lips of 2-lipped rim-aril; with 1 tongue or flap on 1 lip of 2-lipped rim-aril, or 2 tongues or flaps, 1 on each lip of 2-lipped rim-aril; light brown to cream.

Seed: 5–5.5 mm long; 4–4.5 mm wide; 2.4–3 mm thick; not overgrown; not angular, or angular; symmetrical; reniform, or elliptic, or circular, or quadrangular; compressed; with surface smooth; without visible radicle and cotyledon lobes; without hilar sinus; without umbo on seed faces; without medial ridge on each face. Cuticle not exfoliating; not inflated; not wrinkled. Testa present; without pieces of adhering epicarp; not adhering to endocarp; free from endocarp; dull; not modified by a bloom; colored; mottled; with frequent mottles; reddish brown; with black overlay and brown overlay; glabrous; smooth; coriaceous. Pleurogram absent. Pseudopleurogram absent. Fracture lines absent. Rim absent. Wing(s) absent. Raphe not visible. Hilum present; partially concealed, or fully concealed; concealed by aril; with faboid split; with the lips of the faboid split the same color as the rest of the hilum; larger than punctiform; 2.5–3.5 mm long; with curved outline; elliptic; apical according to radicle tip but marginal according to seed length; flush; within rim, or not within corona, halo, or rim; rim color darker than testa. Lens discernible; 0.5–0.7 mm long; with margins curved; circular; not in groove of raphe; confluent with hilum; mounded; similar color as testa; darker than testa; dark brown; within halo; halo color darker than testa. Endosperm absent. Cotyledons smooth; both outer faces convex; both the same thickness; both more or less of equal length; not folded; margin entire 180 degrees from base of radicle; similar at apex; partially concealing radicle; notched at radicle; without lobes; with the interface division terminating at base of radicle; without margins recessed; white to tan; inner face flat; glabrous on inner face. Embryonic axis right angled; perpendicular to length of seed; without a joint evident between the radicle and the cotyledons. Radicle differentiated from cotyledon; linear to triangular; lobe tip straight; deflexed and parallel to cotyledon width; centered between cotyledons; less than 1/2 length of cotyledons. Plumule well developed; glabrous.

Distribution

Asia to Australia.

Old World; Southwest Asia to India to Indochina to China to Japan to Indonesia and the Philippines to New Guinea to Australia to Korea.

Generic Notes

Van der Maesen (1986) discussed the relationships of Dunbaria and Cajanus (10.72). He included six species of Dunbaria in synonymies of various Cajanus species. Lackey (1981) included 15 species in Dunbaria. Van der Maesen (1998) revised the genus, and his distribution and species count is ued.

Tribal Notes

Tribe Phaseoleae

Bruneau et al. (1995) carried out cladistic analyses of tribe Phaseoleae using chloroplast DNA restriction site data. Their results indicated that the tribe is not monophyletic and that the tribal delimitations between Phaseoleae and Desmodieae (11) and between Phaseoleae and Millettieae (7) are problematic.