Dolichopsis

Taxonomy

Dolichopsis E. Hassler Bull. Herb. Boissier ser. 2. 7: 161. 28 Feb 1907.

Subfamily: Faboideae.
Phylogenetic Number: 3.10.69.
Tribe: Phaseoleae.
Subtribe: Phaseolinae.
Species Studied - Species in Genus: 1 studied; 2 in genus.

Description

Fruit: A legume; unilocular; 2.5–3.5 cm long; 0.8–0.9 cm wide; 2–9 times longer than wide; with deciduous androecial sheath; with deciduous corolla; with persistent calyx; with calyx shorter than fruit; without orifice formed by curving of fruit or fruit segments; straight, or curved (slightly); not plicate; not twisted; asymmetrical; reniform; with 1 straight and 1 curved suture, or both sutures unequally curved; widest near middle or D-shaped; not inflated; compressed; with beak; straight; with solid beak the same color and texture as fruit; short tapered at apex; oblique with longitudinal axis of fruit; rounded at base; aligned with longitudinal axis of fruit; with the apex and base uniform in texture; coriaceous; seed chambers externally visible; seed chambers with the raised seed chambers not torulose; margin not constricted; margin without sulcus; margin embellished; margin with thickened sutural areas; wing(s) absent; nonstipitate; with all layers dehiscing; splitting along suture(s). Dehiscence of valves along both sutures; apical and down; active; with valves twisting. Replum invisible. Epicarp dull; monochrome; brown to tan; with surface texture uniform; pubescent and indurate; with hairs appressed; with 1 type of pubescence; with pubescence white; with pubescence uniformly distributed; with simple hairs; pliable; with hair bases plain; eglandular; without spines; smooth; not veined; not tuberculate; not exfoliating; without cracks; without embedded tissue, much thicker than epicarp, running from base to apex. Mesocarp present; thin; surface not veined; 1-layered; without balsamic vesicles; without reniform canals; solid; chartaceous. Endocarp present; visible; dull; opaque; monochrome; tan; smooth; without adhering pieces of testa; septate; with septa thin (tissue paper-like), flexible; with septa eglandular; chartaceous; not exfoliating; remaining fused to mesocarp and epicarp; without wings; entire. Seed(s) 4–8; length transverse to fruit length; neither overlapping nor touching; in 1 series. Funiculus 2–3 mm long; of 1 length only; flattened; narrowly triangular. Aril present; dry; when dry 2-lipped rim-aril; fimbriate; with tongues (or flap) on lips of 2-lipped rim-aril; with 1 tongue or flap on 1 lip of 2-lipped rim-aril; tan.

Seed: 5.4–6.7 mm long; 2.5–3 mm wide; 1.1–2.1 mm thick; not overgrown; not angular; asymmetrical; irregularly elliptic; compressed; with surface smooth; without visible radicle and cotyledon lobes; without hilar sinus; without umbo on seed faces; without medial ridge on each face. Cuticle not exfoliating; not inflated; not wrinkled. Testa present; without pieces of adhering epicarp; not adhering to endocarp; free from endocarp; dull; not modified by a bloom; colored; monochrome; dark brown; glabrous; smooth; coriaceous. Pleurogram absent. Pseudopleurogram absent. Fracture lines absent. Rim absent. Wing(s) absent. Raphe visible, or not visible; from hilum to near base of seed and terminating; not bifurcating; darker than testa; black. Hilum present; partially concealed; concealed by aril; with faboid split; with the lips of the faboid split the same color as the rest of the hilum; larger than punctiform; 3.5–4.6 mm long; with straight outline; linear; marginal according to radicle tip; recessed; within rim; rim color of testa, or darker than testa. Lens discernible; with margins straight; linear; not in groove of raphe; confluent with hilum; flush; same color as testa; brown; within rim; rim color of testa, or darker than testa. Endosperm present; trace; not pluglike and not resembling tip of radicle; restricted to region of embryo; adnate to testa. Cotyledons smooth; both outer faces convex; both the same thickness; both more or less of equal length; not folded; margin entire 180 degrees from base of radicle; similar at apex; partially concealing radicle; notched at radicle; without lobes; with the interface division terminating at base of radicle; with margin(s) recessed; with 1 margin recessed; recessed on same side as radicle; yellow; inner face flat; glabrous on inner face. Embryonic axis oblique; oblique to length of seed; without a joint evident between the radicle and the cotyledons. Radicle differentiated from cotyledon; linear; lobe tip curved; oblique to cotyledons; centered between cotyledons; less than 1/2 length of cotyledons. Plumule well developed; glabrous.

Distribution

South America.

New World; South America; Argentina and Brazil.

Generic Notes

Lackey (1981) noted that "Dolichos monticola C.F.P. von Martius ex G. Bentham is better placed in this genus." Lewis (1991) acted on Lackey's suggestion, and made the new combination,  monticola (C.F.P. von Martius ex G. Bentham) G.P. Lewis. Delgado Salinas and Lewis 1997) later erected a new monotypic genus for the species, Oryxis (3.10.69A).

Tribal Notes

Tribe Phaseoleae

Bruneau et al. (1995) carried out cladistic analyses of tribe Phaseoleae using chloroplast DNA restriction site data. Their results indicated that the tribe is not monophyletic and that the tribal delimitations between Phaseoleae and Desmodieae (11) and between Phaseoleae and Millettieae (7) are problematic.