Campsiandra

Taxonomy

Campsiandra G. Bentham J. Bot. (Hooker) 2: 93. Mar 1840.

Subfamily: Caesalpinioideae.
Phylogenetic Number: 1.1.13.
Tribe: Caesalpinieae.
Group: Peltophorum.
Species Studied - Species in Genus: 2 studied; 3 in genus.

Description

Fruit: A legume; unilocular; 9–59 cm long; 3.5–8 cm wide; 0.5–2 cm thick; 2–9 times longer than wide; with deciduous androecial sheath; with deciduous corolla; with deciduous calyx; without orifice formed by curving of fruit or fruit segments; curved; not plicate; not twisted; symmetrical, or asymmetrical; oblong, or falcate; with both sutures parallelly curved; not inflated; flattened; without beak; long tapered at apex to tapered at apex; aligned with longitudinal axis of fruit; short tapered at base; aligned with longitudinal axis of fruit; with the apex and base uniform in texture; ligneous; seed chambers externally invisible; margin not constricted; margin without sulcus; margin plain; wing(s) absent; substipitate; with all layers dehiscing; splitting along suture(s). Dehiscence of valves along both sutures; active (?); with valves twisting (?). Replum invisible. Epicarp glossy; monochrome; brown (dark); with surface texture uniform; glabrous; eglandular; without spines; smooth, or not smooth; with elevated features; veined; transversely veined relative to fruit length; not tuberculate; not exfoliating; without cracks; without embedded tissue, much thicker than epicarp, running from base to apex. Mesocarp present; surface not veined; 1-layered (?); without balsamic vesicles; oblique with fibers; without reniform canals; solid; ligneous. Endocarp present; visible; dull; opaque; monochrome; brown (dark reddish); without adhering pieces of testa; nonseptate; not exfoliating; remaining fused to mesocarp and epicarp; entire. Seed(s) at least 4; length parallel with fruit length and transverse to fruit length; neither overlapping nor touching; in 1 series. Funiculus 1.5 mm long; of 1 length only; thick; straight to curved. Aril absent.

Seed: 40–60 mm long; 40–60 mm wide; 6–10 mm thick; not overgrown; angular, or not angular; symmetrical; oblong, or rectangular, or circular; flattened; with surface smooth; without visible radicle and cotyledon lobes; without hilar sinus; without umbo on seed faces; without medial ridge on each face. Cuticle not exfoliating; not inflated; not wrinkled. Testa present; without pieces of adhering epicarp; not adhering to endocarp; free from endocarp; glossy; not modified by a bloom; colored; monochrome; brown (dark to reddish); glabrous; not smooth; with elevated features, or recessed features; rugose; pitted with small separate pits; chartaceous. Pleurogram absent. Pseudopleurogram absent. Fracture lines absent. Rim absent. Wing(s) present. Raphe not visible. Hilum present; visible; without faboid split; punctiform; apical according to radicle tip but marginal according to seed length; recessed; not within corona, halo, or rim. Lens not discernible. Endosperm absent. Cotyledons smooth; both outer faces convex; both the same thickness; both more or less of equal length; not folded; margin entire 180 degrees from base of radicle; similar at apex; partially concealing radicle; with lobes (lobes overtopping exposed radicle and joined to radicle at right angles to plane of compression - unlike other caesalpinoids); with lobes not touching; with the interface division terminating at base of radicle; without margins recessed; inner face flat; glabrous on inner face. Embryonic axis straight; parallel to length of seed; without a joint evident between the radicle and the cotyledons. Radicle differentiated from cotyledon; centered between cotyledons. Plumule rudimentary; glabrous.

Distribution

Tropical South America (Mainly Amazonia).

New World; tropical South America (mainly Amazonia); Brazil, the Guianas, and Peru.
 

Generic Notes

Cowan in Maguire et al. (1953) monographed the genus. Winged seeds in the Fabaceae are restricted to this subfamily (see also Diptychandra (1.05)), and to eight genera in the subfamily Mimosoideae.