Callerya

Taxonomy

Callerya S.F.L. Endlicher Gen. Suppl. 3: 104. Oct 1843.

Subfamily: Faboideae.
Phylogenetic Number: 3.7.
Tribe: Millettieae.
Species Studied - Species in Genus: 7 studied; 19 in genus.

Description

Fruit: A legume; unilocular; 4–29 cm long; 1–6 cm wide; 0.5–4.8 cm thick; length less than twice as long as width, or 2–9 times longer than wide, or more than 9 times longer than wide; with deciduous androecial sheath; with deciduous corolla; with persistent calyx, or deciduous calyx; with calyx shorter than fruit; without orifice formed by curving of fruit or fruit segments; straight; not plicate; not twisted; symmetrical, or asymmetrical; fusiform, or linear, or ovate, or irregular; with both sutures unequally curved; inflated, or not inflated; compressed to terete; with beak, or without beak; straight, or declined, or hooked; with solid beak the same color and texture as fruit; long tapered at apex, or tapered at apex, or short tapered at apex; aligned with longitudinal axis of fruit, or oblique with longitudinal axis of fruit; rounded at base, or tapered at base; aligned with longitudinal axis of fruit; with the apex and base uniform in texture; coriaceous to ligneous; seed chambers externally visible, or invisible; seed chambers with the raised seed chambers not torulose; margin constricted, or not constricted; margin slightly constricted only on 1 margin; margin without sulcus, or with sulcus; margin plain, or embellished; margin with thickened sutural areas; wing(s) absent; nonstipitate, or substipitate, or stipitate; with the stipe 0.1–12 mm long; with all layers dehiscing; splitting along suture(s). Dehiscence of valves along both sutures; apical and down; active; with valves twisting. Replum invisible. Epicarp dull; monochrome, or multicolored; mottled; brown, or green; with brown overlay; mottling color combination variable; with surface texture uniform; glabrous, or glabrate, or pubescent and indurate; with hairs erect, or appressed; with 1 type of pubescence; sericeous, or tomentose, or velutinous, or villous; with pubescence brown, or golden; with pubescence uniformly distributed (sometimes wearing off centrally); with simple hairs; stiff, or pliable; with hair bases plain; eglandular; without spines; smooth, or not smooth; with elevated features, or recessed features; not veined; not tuberculate; lenticular, or rugose, or warty, or wrinkled; grooved; not exfoliating; with cracks, or without cracks; cracking oblique to fruit length; without embedded tissue, much thicker than epicarp, running from base to apex. Mesocarp present; thick, or thin, or trace; surface not veined; 1-layered, or 2-layered; with balsamic vesicles, or without balsamic vesicles; without fibers; without reniform canals; solid; with solid layer over solid layer, or vitriol layer over solid layer; chartaceous to coriaceous to ligneous. Endocarp present; visible; dull; opaque, or translucent; monochrome, or mottled; tan, or white; with mottling more or less uniform (dark); with brown overlay; scurfy and smooth; without adhering pieces of testa; septate, or subseptate; with septa thin (tissue paper-like), flexible, or thicker than paper, firm; with septa eglandular; chartaceous; exfoliating in part, or not exfoliating; remaining fused to mesocarp and epicarp; without wings; entire. Seed(s) 1–7 (according to Schot (1994), 2–3 seeds may be fused together in some species.); length oblique to fruit length; neither overlapping nor touching; in 1 series. Funiculus at least 1.5–2 mm long; of 1 length only; thick; contorted, or triangular. Aril present; dry; when dry rim-aril, or tongue-aril, or rim-aril and tongue-aril, or 2-lipped rim-aril; entire; with tongues (or flap) on lips of 2-lipped rim-aril; with 1 tongue or flap on 1 lip of 2-lipped rim-aril; cream to tan to brown.

Seed: 9–65 mm long; 9–40 mm wide; 2–26 mm thick; not overgrown; not angular, or angular; symmetrical; circular, or elliptic, or mitaform, or oblong, or ovate; terete to compressed to flattened; with surface smooth; without visible radicle and cotyledon lobes; without hilar sinus; without umbo on seed faces; without medial ridge on each face. Cuticle not exfoliating; not inflated; not wrinkled. Testa present; without pieces of adhering epicarp; not adhering to endocarp; free from endocarp; dull; not modified by a bloom; colored; monochrome, or mottled, or streaked; with infrequent mottles; with infrequent streaks; brown; with brown overlay (darker or lighter); minutely pubescent (patchy, in literature); smooth, or not smooth; with elevated features; veined and wrinkled, or veined, or wrinkled, or rugose; chartaceous. Pleurogram absent. Pseudopleurogram absent. Fracture lines absent. Rim absent. Wing(s) absent. Raphe not visible. Hilum present; visible, or partially concealed; concealed by aril; with faboid split, or without faboid split; with the lips of the faboid split the same color as the rest of the hilum; larger than punctiform; 2–5 mm long; with curved outline; elliptic to oval; subapical to radicle tip, or apical according to radicle tip but marginal according to seed length; raised, or flush, or recessed; within rim, or not within corona, halo, or rim; rim color of testa. Lens discernible; 2–3 mm long; with margins straight, or curved; oblong; 2 oblong mounds separated by groove, or ovate; not in groove of raphe; confluent with hilum; mounded; same color as testa; not within corona, halo, or rim. Endosperm present, or absent; thin; not pluglike and not resembling tip of radicle; covering entire embryo; adnate to embryo. Cotyledons smooth, or not smooth; 1–3 grooves on each face, or rugose; both outer faces convex; both the same thickness, or one thicker than the other; both more or less of equal length, or 1 longer than other; not folded, or with both folded; not sufficiently folded for inner face to touch itself; portions of inner folded face unequal; margin entire 180 degrees from base of radicle, or not entire 180 degrees from base of radicle; wavy; similar at apex; partially concealing radicle; notched at radicle; without lobes; with the interface division terminating at base of radicle; without margins recessed, or with margin(s) recessed; with 1 margin recessed; recessed on side opposite from radicle; light green, or tan; inner face flat; glabrous on inner face. Embryonic axis oblique; oblique to length of seed; without a joint evident between the radicle and the cotyledons. Radicle differentiated from cotyledon; linear; lobe tip straight, or curved; oblique to cotyledons; centered between cotyledons; less than 1/2 length of cotyledons. Plumule rudimentary, or moderately developed; glabrous.

Distribution

India to southeastern Asia, China, Australia, and Philippines (introduced into Japan and Florida, U.S.A.).

Old World; China, India, Indochina, Indonesia and the Philippines, Australia, and Pacific (Philippines).

Generic Notes

Geesink (1984) suggested that Callerya should be reinstated and included Padbruggea, Whitfordiodendron, and paniculate sections of Millettia (sect. Eurybotyae and sect. Austromilletia). Schot (1994) agreed and made the necessary combinations.

Tribal Notes

Tribe Millettieae

Geesink (1981) treated this tribe, as others before him, under the tribal name Tephroseae, but we now know that its correct name is Millettieae. Recent tribal studies (Geesink, 1981, 1984; Polhill, 1994a, 1994b) have arranged the genera in alphabetical order without phylogenetic numbers. Geesink (1984) monographed tribe Millettieae, and presented descriptive notes about fruits and seeds and in situ fruit and seed drawings. However, we are not entirely following Geesink (1984) for generic parameters because he either questioned the status of many of his new genera or did not make the necessary species transfers. The few new genera which he clearly recognized are being accepted. Lavin et al. (1998) developed a preliminary infratribal classification of six informal groups using phytochrome nucleotides: Millettia group, Lonchocarpus group, Derris group, Tephrosia group, "primitive" group, and Phaseoleae group. Lavin (1987) transferred Sphinctospermum to Millettieae. Lavin and Doyle (1991) carried out cladistic analyses integrating morphological and chloroplast DNA data, and concluded that it is a member of Robineae where we have placed it (now 8.12).