Archidendron

Taxonomy

Archidendron F.J.H. von Mueller Fragm. 5: 59. Oct 1865.

Subfamily: Mimosoideae.
Phylogenetic Number: 2.5.19.
Tribe: Ingeae.
Species Studied - Species in Genus: 13 studied; 94 in genus.

Description

Fruit: A legume; unilocular; 3–50 cm long; 1–8.5 cm wide; 0.4–4 cm thick; 2–9 times longer than wide; with deciduous androecial sheath; with deciduous corolla; with deciduous calyx; without orifice formed by curving of fruit or fruit segments; straight to 0.5-coiled to 1-coiled to 1.5-coiled to 2-coiled (spirally); not plicate; twisted, or not twisted; symmetrical, or asymmetrical; falcate, or C-shaped, or reniform, or irregular; with both sutures parallelly curved, or both sutures unequally curved; not inflated; flattened to terete; without beak; rounded at apex; oblique with longitudinal axis of fruit, or aligned with longitudinal axis of fruit; tapered at base; oblique with longitudinal axis of fruit; with the apex and base uniform in texture; when fresh fleshy and coriaceous, or ligneous (when dry); seed chambers externally visible, or invisible; margin not constricted to constricted; margin constricted only on 1 margin to slightly constricted only on 1 margin; margin without sulcus; margin plain; wing(s) absent; stipitate, or substipitate; with the stipe up to 40 mm long; tardily with all layers dehiscing; splitting along suture(s). Dehiscence of valves along 1 suture (along dorsal or occasionally ventral margin); medial and up and down; active; with valves twisting (remaining attached to sutures). Replum invisible. Epicarp dull; monochrome; various shades of brown to red, or green; with surface texture uniform; glabrous to pubescent and indurate; with hairs erect; with simple hairs; eglandular; without spines; smooth to not smooth; with elevated features; veined; reticulately veined; not tuberculate; rugose; not exfoliating; without cracks; without embedded tissue, much thicker than epicarp, running from base to apex. Mesocarp absent, or present; surface not veined; 1-layered; without balsamic vesicles; without reniform canals; fibrous throughout; ligneous. Endocarp present; visible; dull to glossy; opaque; monochrome; orange to red, or brown to gray, or white; rugose; without adhering pieces of testa; subseptate to nonseptate; not exfoliating; remaining fused to mesocarp and epicarp; entire. Seed(s) 2–15; length transverse to fruit length; neither overlapping nor touching; in 1 series. Funiculus 1–15 mm long; of 1 length only; thick to filiform; straight to hooked, or plicate. Aril absent.

Seed: 8–45 mm long; 7–23 mm wide; 4–30 mm thick; not overgrown; not angular; symmetrical; circular to elliptic, or oblong to reniform; terete to compressed; with surface grooved (1 on each face); longitudinal; without visible radicle and cotyledon lobes; without hilar sinus; without umbo on seed faces; without medial ridge on each face. Cuticle not exfoliating; not inflated; not wrinkled. Testa present; without pieces of adhering epicarp; not adhering to endocarp; free from endocarp; glossy, or glaucous (occasionally); not modified by a bloom; colored; monochrome; bluish black to yellow, or brown (occasionally with bloom); glabrous; not smooth to smooth; with elevated features, or recessed features; rugose, or wrinkled; chartaceous to osseous. Pleurogram absent. Pseudopleurogram absent. Fracture lines absent. Rim absent. Wing(s) absent. Raphe not visible. Hilum present; fully concealed; concealed by funicular remnant (orange-brown to reddish-brown in color); without faboid split; punctiform, or larger than punctiform; up to 5 mm long; with curved outline; circular, or elliptic; apical at apex of radicle tip; flush to raised; not within corona, halo, or rim. Lens not discernible. Endosperm absent. Cotyledons not smooth (rugose), or smooth; both outer faces flat; both the same thickness; both more or less of equal length; not folded; margin entire 180 degrees from base of radicle; similar at apex; completely concealing radicle; split over radicle; with the interface division terminating at base of radicle; without margins recessed; inner face flat; glabrous on inner face. Embryonic axis straight; parallel to length of seed; without a joint evident between the radicle and the cotyledons. Radicle differentiated from cotyledon; straight with embryonic axis; centered between cotyledons. Plumule well developed; glabrous.

Distribution

Ceylon to northern Australia (Queensland and northern New South Wales).

Old World; India to Indochina to China to Indonesia and the Philippines to Australia.
 

Generic Notes

The species from mainland southeast Asia were monographed by Nielsen (1979a). Nielsen et al. (1984) monographed the entire genus, and their species count is used.