Apurimacia

Taxonomy

Apurimacia H.A.T. Harms Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 19: 10. 1 Mar 1923.

Subfamily: Faboideae.
Phylogenetic Number: 3.7.
Tribe: Millettieae.
Species Studied - Species in Genus: 3 studied; 3 in genus.

Description

Fruit: A legume; unilocular; 3.7–6.5 cm long; 0.9–1.3 cm wide; 0.2–0.4 cm thick; 2–9 times longer than wide; with deciduous androecial sheath; with deciduous corolla; with persistent calyx; with calyx shorter than fruit; without orifice formed by curving of fruit or fruit segments; straight; not plicate; not twisted; symmetrical, or asymmetrical; falcate, or fusiform (or obliquely so); with both sutures parallelly curved; not inflated; compressed; with beak, or without beak; declined; with solid beak the same color and texture as fruit; short tapered at apex; aligned with longitudinal axis of fruit, or oblique with longitudinal axis of fruit; tapered at base; aligned with longitudinal axis of fruit to oblique with longitudinal axis of fruit; with the apex and base uniform in texture; coriaceous; seed chambers externally invisible; margin not constricted; margin without sulcus; margin plain; wing(s) absent; nonstipitate; with all layers dehiscing; splitting along suture(s). Dehiscence of valves along both sutures; apical and down; active; with valves twisting. Replum invisible. Epicarp dull; monochrome, or multicolored; mottled; tan; with brown overlay, or yellow overlay; mottling color combination variable; with surface texture uniform; glabrate; with hairs appressed; with 1 type of pubescence; sparsely sericeous; with pubescence golden; with pubescence uniformly distributed; with simple hairs; pliable; with hair bases plain; eglandular; without spines; not smooth; with recessed features; not veined; not tuberculate; slitted obliquely; not exfoliating; with cracks, or without cracks; cracking oblique to fruit length; without embedded tissue, much thicker than epicarp, running from base to apex. Mesocarp present; thick; 1-layered; without balsamic vesicles; without fibers; without reniform canals; solid; coriaceous. Endocarp present; visible; dull; opaque; white; smooth; without adhering pieces of testa; nonseptate to subseptate; with septa thin (tissue paper-like), flexible; with septa eglandular; chartaceous; not exfoliating; remaining fused to mesocarp and epicarp; without wings; entire. Seed(s) 2–6; length parallel with fruit length, or oblique to fruit length, or transverse to fruit length; neither overlapping nor touching; in 1 series. Funiculus 1.5–2 mm long; of 1 length only; flattened; triangular. Aril present; dry; when dry rim-aril and tongue-aril; entire; cream, or yellow.

Seed: 7–12 mm long; 5–10 mm wide; 3–4.2 mm thick; not overgrown; not angular; symmetrical, or asymmetrical; circular, or elliptic, or ovate (obliquely); compressed; with surface smooth; without visible radicle and cotyledon lobes; without hilar sinus; without umbo on seed faces; without medial ridge on each face. Cuticle not exfoliating; not inflated; not wrinkled. Testa present; without pieces of adhering epicarp; not adhering to endocarp; free from endocarp; dull; not modified by a bloom; colored; monochrome; red-brown or brown; glabrous; smooth, or not smooth; with elevated features; minutely rugose, or wrinkled; chartaceous. Pleurogram absent. Pseudopleurogram absent. Fracture lines absent. Rim absent. Wing(s) absent. Raphe not visible. Hilum present; partially concealed; concealed by aril; with faboid split; larger than punctiform; 1.2–2 mm long; with curved outline; elliptic; apical according to radicle tip but marginal according to seed length; flush; within rim; rim color lighter than testa, or darker than testa. Lens discernible, or not discernible; 1.2–1.8 mm long; with margins straight, or curved; linear; 2 oblong mounds separated by groove; not in groove of raphe; confluent with hilum; mounded; similar color as testa; darker than testa; brown; within rim, or not within corona, halo, or rim; rim color of testa. Endosperm absent. Cotyledons smooth, or not smooth; sparsely glandular dotted (yellow latex-like substance inside); both outer faces convex; both the same thickness; both more or less of equal length; not folded; margin entire 180 degrees from base of radicle; similar at apex; partially concealing radicle; entire over radicle; without lobes; with the interface division terminating at base of radicle; without margins recessed; green, or tan; inner face flat; glabrous on inner face. Embryonic axis oblique, or right angled; parallel to length of seed; without a joint evident between the radicle and the cotyledons. Radicle differentiated from cotyledon; bulbose, or linear; lobe tip straight, or curved; oblique to cotyledons; centered between cotyledons; less than 1/2 length of cotyledons. Plumule rudimentary to moderately developed; glabrous.

Distribution

Bolivia, Peru, and Argentina.

New World; South America (Bolivia, Peru and Argentina); Argentina, Peru, and the Guianas.

Tribal Notes

Tribe Millettieae

Geesink (1981) treated this tribe, as others before him, under the tribal name Tephroseae, but we now know that its correct name is Millettieae. Recent tribal studies (Geesink, 1981, 1984; Polhill, 1994a, 1994b) have arranged the genera in alphabetical order without phylogenetic numbers. Geesink (1984) monographed tribe Millettieae, and presented descriptive notes about fruits and seeds and in situ fruit and seed drawings. However, we are not entirely following Geesink (1984) for generic parameters because he either questioned the status of many of his new genera or did not make the necessary species transfers. The few new genera which he clearly recognized are being accepted. Lavin et al. (1998) developed a preliminary infratribal classification of six informal groups using phytochrome nucleotides: Millettia group, Lonchocarpus group, Derris group, Tephrosia group, "primitive" group, and Phaseoleae group. Lavin (1987) transferred Sphinctospermum to Millettieae. Lavin and Doyle (1991) carried out cladistic analyses integrating morphological and chloroplast DNA data, and concluded that it is a member of Robineae where we have placed it (now 8.12).