Anthonotha

Taxonomy

Anthonotha A.M.F.J. Palisot de Beauvois Fl. Oware 1: 70, t. 42. Sep 1806.

Subfamily: Caesalpinioideae.
Phylogenetic Number: 1.4.71.
Tribe: Detarieae.
Group: Macrolobium.
Species Studied - Species in Genus: 8 studied; 28 in genus.

Description

Fruit: A legume; unilocular; 5–30 cm long; 3–9 cm wide; 0.6–1.5 cm thick; 2–9 times longer than wide; with deciduous androecial sheath; with deciduous corolla; with deciduous calyx; without orifice formed by curving of fruit or fruit segments; straight to curved; not plicate; not twisted; symmetrical, or asymmetrical; elliptic to oblong; with 1 straight and 1 curved suture; widest near middle or D-shaped, or widest near apex; not inflated; compressed; without beak; usually straight, or tapered at apex; ?; straight or rounded at base; right angled with longitudinal axis of fruit; with the apex and base uniform in texture; ligneous; seed chambers externally invisible; margin not constricted; margin without sulcus; margin plain; wing(s) absent; nonstipitate; with all layers dehiscing; splitting along suture(s). Dehiscence of valves along both sutures; active; with valves separately enrolling. Replum invisible. Epicarp dull; monochrome; brown; with surface texture uniform; densely dark reddish brown pubescent and indurate, or glabrate; with hairs erect; eglandular; without spines; not smooth; with elevated features; prominent veined; obliquely veined relative to fruit length; not tuberculate; rugose, or ribbed; not exfoliating; without cracks; without embedded tissue, much thicker than epicarp, running from base to apex. Mesocarp present; surface not veined; 2-layered; without balsamic vesicles; with fibers; without reniform canals; with fibers oblique over solid layer (fibers mixed with softer tissue); ligneous. Endocarp present; visible; dull; opaque; monochrome; brown; without adhering pieces of testa; subseptate to nonseptate; not exfoliating; remaining fused to mesocarp and epicarp; entire. Seed(s) 1–8; length transverse to fruit length; neither overlapping nor touching; in 1 series. Funiculus 0.1–0.9 mm long; of 1 length only; thick; straight. Aril absent (except rim-aril presentin A. cladenthera).

Seed: 22–47 mm long; 18–33 mm wide; 8–11 mm thick; not overgrown; angular, or not angular; symmetrical, or asymmetrical; elliptic to oblong, or rectangular, or irregular; compressed; with surface smooth; without visible radicle and cotyledon lobes; without hilar sinus; without umbo on seed faces; without medial ridge on each face. Cuticle not exfoliating; not inflated; not wrinkled. Testa present; without pieces of adhering epicarp; not adhering to endocarp; free from endocarp; dull; not modified by a bloom; colored; monochrome; brown; glabrous; dark brown or dark reddish not smooth; with elevated features; rugose; coriaceous. Pleurogram absent. Pseudopleurogram absent. Fracture lines absent. Rim absent. Wing(s) absent. Raphe not visible. Hilum present; fully concealed; concealed by funicular remnant; without faboid split; punctiform; apical at apex of radicle tip; flush; not within corona, halo, or rim. Lens not discernible. Endosperm absent. Cotyledons smooth; both outer faces convex; both the same thickness; both more or less of equal length; not folded; margin entire 180 degrees from base of radicle, or not entire 180 degrees from base of radicle (wavy); similar at apex; completely concealing radicle (poorly formed); notched at radicle; with the interface division terminating at base of radicle; without margins recessed; inner face flat; glabrous on inner face. Embryonic axis straight to oblique; parallel to length of seed; without a joint evident between the radicle and the cotyledons. Radicle differentiated from cotyledon; centered between cotyledons. Plumule rudimentary; glabrous.

Distribution

Guineo-Congolian forest.

Old World; Africa (Guineo- Congolian forest).

Tribal Notes

Tribe Detarieae

Bruneau et al. (2000) carried out extensive phylogenetic analyses of tribes Amherstieae and Detarieae. They concluded that they form a single monophyletic group. Therefore, they supported Polhill's (1995a, 1995b) decision to unite the two tribes.