Anadenanthera

Taxonomy

Anadenanthera C.L. Spegazzini Physis (Buenos Aires) 6: 313. 1 Apr 1923.

Subfamily: Mimosoideae.
Phylogenetic Number: 2.3.26.
Tribe: Mimoseae.
Group: Piptadenia.
Species Studied - Species in Genus: 2 studied; 2 in genus.

Description

Fruit: A legume; unilocular; 5–35 cm long; 1–3 cm wide; 0.4–0.5 cm thick; 2–9 times longer than wide, or more than 9 times longer than wide; with deciduous androecial sheath; with deciduous corolla; with deciduous calyx; without orifice formed by curving of fruit or fruit segments; straight, or curved; not plicate; not twisted; symmetrical, or asymmetrical; oblong, or falcate; with both sutures parallelly curved; not inflated; flattened; without beak; short tapered at apex to rounded at apex; aligned with longitudinal axis of fruit; tapered at base; aligned with longitudinal axis of fruit; with the apex and base uniform in texture; ligneous; seed chambers externally visible (based on margins); margin not constricted to constricted; margin constricted along both margins; margin without sulcus; margin plain; wing(s) absent; stipitate; with the stipe 5–50 mm long; with all layers dehiscing; splitting along suture(s). Dehiscence of valves along 1 suture (ventrally, remaining attached to sutures); medial and up and down; passive. Replum invisible. Epicarp dull to glossy; monochrome, or multicolored; mottled; reddish brown to brown when monochrome and grayish brown (when mottled); with reddish brown overlay; mottling color combination constant; with surface texture uniform; glabrous; eglandular; without spines; not smooth to smooth; with elevated features; not veined, or veined; reticulately veined; not tuberculate; scurfy to verrucose-rugose, or rugose; not exfoliating; without cracks; without embedded tissue, much thicker than epicarp, running from base to apex. Mesocarp present; surface not veined; 1-layered; without balsamic vesicles; without reniform canals; solid; ligneous. Endocarp present; visible; dull; opaque; monochrome; brown to reddish brown; smooth; without adhering pieces of testa; subseptate; not exfoliating; remaining fused to mesocarp and epicarp; entire. Seed(s) 4–13; length transverse to fruit length; neither overlapping nor touching; in 1 series. Funiculus up to 4 mm long; of 1 length only; filiform; plicate. Aril absent.

Seed: 8–25 mm long; 8–20 mm wide; 2 mm thick; not overgrown; not angular; symmetrical; sub circular to elliptic; flattened; with surface smooth; without visible radicle and cotyledon lobes; without hilar sinus; without umbo on seed faces; without medial ridge on each face. Cuticle not exfoliating; not inflated; not wrinkled. Testa present; without pieces of adhering epicarp; not adhering to endocarp; free from endocarp; glossy; not modified by a bloom; colored; monochrome; dark brown to black; glabrous; for about 0.5 mm within pleurogram, relatively smooth, or not smooth; with occasionally elevated features, or recessed features; rugose; faintly striate, or pitted with small separate pits, or pitted with stomata in the bottom of the pits; coriaceous. Pleurogram present, or absent; 50 %. Pseudopleurogram absent. Fracture lines absent. Rim present; wing-like around seed (up to 2 mm wide). Wing(s) absent. Raphe not visible. Hilum present; fully concealed; concealed by funicular remnant; without faboid split; punctiform; apical according to radicle tip but marginal according to seed length; flush (but in depression, with or without linear mound from hilum to about center of areola); not within corona, halo, or rim. Lens discernible; 0.3 mm long; with margins curved; elliptic; not in groove of raphe; flush; similar color as testa, or same color as testa; tan to brown; not within corona, halo, or rim. Endosperm absent. Cotyledons smooth; both outer faces flat; both the same thickness; both more or less of equal length; not folded; margin entire 180 degrees from base of radicle; similar at apex; partially concealing radicle; notched at radicle; with the interface division terminating at base of radicle; without margins recessed; inner face flat; glabrous on inner face. Embryonic axis straight; parallel to length of seed; without a joint evident between the radicle and the cotyledons. Radicle differentiated from cotyledon; deflexed and parallel to cotyledon length; centered between cotyledons. Plumule well developed; glabrous.

Distribution

West Indies and northern South America.

New World; West Indies and South America (northern); Argentina, Peru, Brazil, Ecuador, and the Guianas.

Generic Notes

This segregate genus of Piptadenia contains the two species named here as well as P. macrocarpa G. Bentham and P. cebil A.H.R. Grisebach, both now varieties of A. colubrina. Von Reis Altschul (1964, 1972) described fruits as "falsely septate." Anadenathera peregrina seeds are pleurogrammatic and without winglike rim, and A. colubrina seeds are nonpleurogrammatic and bear a winglike rim.