Native
Exotic, but established
Exotic
Grapholitini is the third most diverse tribe within Olethreutinae, behind Eucosmini and Olethreutini. It contains approximately 900 species with a worldwide distribution. This tribe contains the second-most number of pest species in Tortricidae after Archipini. Synapomorphies for the tribe include a hindwing with veins M2 and M3 widely separated at the base and a reduced dorsaldorsal:
upper, to the top, on the back 
complex in the male genitalia. Molecular data suggest Grapholitini to be sister to Eucosmini. Morphological similarities, especially in the genitalia, support this relationship.
Many species can be quickly recognized as members of Grapholitini based on the short, upturned labial palpilabial palpi:
a pair of sensory appendages that project from the lower part of the head; usually covered in scales and three-segmented
; brown, gray, or pale orange forewings with conspicuous iridescent or silver fasciaefasciae:
plural of "fascia"
and a well-defined ocellusocellus:
forewing pattern element - an ovoid region anterior to the tornus; adult head - a simple insect "eye" located dorsal to the compound eye 
; and conspicuous costal strigulaecostal strigulae:
small, usually pale, semirectangular marks along the costa 
and patch on inner margininner margin:
see dorsum 
. Male genitalia are similar to those of Eucosmini except with further reduction of the uncusuncus:
a sclerotized process which is fused to the posterodorsal margin of tergum IX
and sociisocii:
a pair of lightly sclerotized setose lobes
(“dorsal complex”). Female genitalia are also very similar to those of Eucosmini, but often have a shorter, broader ductus bursaeductus bursae:
a membranous tube connecting the ostium bursae to the corpus bursae
and smaller, thorn- or tack-like signasigna:
plural of "signum"
in the ductus bursaeductus bursae:
a membranous tube connecting the ostium bursae to the corpus bursae.
Host preferences and life histories are difficult to generalize for the tribe, but larvae of many species are borers in fruits, roots, and shoots. There is a general trend towards monophagy or oligophagy, with Fabaceae, Rosaceae, and Asteraceae supporting the highest number of species. We include some of the most significant economic pests of Grapholitini on this site, as well as a select few common or easily confused non-pest species.
The most recent comprehensive guide to the Nearctic Grapholitini is Heinrich (1926)Heinrich (1926):
Heinrich, C. 1926. Revision of the North American moths of the subfamilies Laspeyresiinae and Olethreutinae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum. 132: 1-216., but more recent regional (Miller 1987; Gilligan et al. 2008Gilligan et al. 2008:
Gilligan, T. M., Wright, D. J., Gibson, L. D. 2008. Olethreutine moths of the midwestern United States, an identification guide. Ohio Biological Survey, Columbus, Ohio. 334 pp.) and genus-level (Adamski & Brown 2001) treatments exist. Though not comprehensive in scope, the best resource for Palearctic species is Komai (1999)Komai (1999):
Komai, F. 1999. A taxonomic review of the genus Grapholita and allied genera (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in the Palaearctic region. Entomologica Scandinavica Supplement 55. 226 pp.. Hu et al. (2023) published a molecular phylogeny for Grapholitini, which provides an important framework for understanding relationships within the tribe.
Included species:
Exotic species
Cryptophlebia spp.
Cydia strobilella
Exotic, but established species
Native species
Cydia toreuta
View full screen host table here
