Type

Exotic, but established

Taxonomy

Pandemis cerasana (Hübner) (Tortricidae: Tortricinae: Archipini)

Common names: barred fruit-tree tortrix

Synonyms: balticola (ab.), grossulariana (Lozotaenia), obscura (ab.), ribeana (Tortrix), transiens (var.)

Adult Recognition

FWL: 8.0-12.0 mm

Adults are straw to light brown with fasciatefasciate:
a wing pattern that is comprised primarily of transverse bands (fasciae)
markings and grayish-brown hindwings. Male lack a forewing costal foldforewing costal fold:
a flap or fold at the base of the forewing that contains specialized sex scales
and antennal notch. 

Male genitalia are characterized by a spatulatespatulate:
spoonlike, narrow basally and enlarged and rounded apically
uncus, semicircular valvaevalvae:
plural of "valva"
, and a pistol-shaped phallusphallus:
the male intromittent organ (penis); see "aedeagus"
. Female genitalia are characterized by a ductus bursaeductus bursae:
a membranous tube connecting the ostium bursae to the corpus bursae
with a sclerotizedsclerotized:
hardened; usually in reference to larval structures or adult genitalia
portion near the ostiumostium:
see ostium bursae
and a daggar-like signumsignum:
a sclerotized projection or patch on the interior of the corpus bursae
with a large basal plate in the corpus bursaecorpus bursae:
a dilated membranous sac at the anterior end of the bursa copulatrix
. 

Larval Morphology

The following account is summarized from Swatschek (1958)Swatschek (1958):
Swatschek, B. 1958. Die larval systematik der wickler (Tortricidae und Carposinidae) aus dem zoologischen Institut der Universitat Erlangen. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin. 269 pp. [Abhandlungen zur larvalsystematik Insekten 3.].

Mature larva approximately 20 mm in length; head, prothoracic shieldprothoracic shield:
a sclerotized plate on the dorsal surface of the prothorax
light green to yellowish green with black posterolateralposterolateral:
towards the rear and side; posterior and lateral
markings; body entirely green and unmarked with moderately large pinaculapinacula:
flattened sclerotized plates on a caterpillar that bear the setae
and long setae; spiracles on the prothoraxprothorax:
the most anterior thoracic segment
and eighth abdominal segment 2-3 times the diameter of other abdominal spiracles; anal fork present with 6-8 teeth.

Similar Species

Pandemis cerasana can be separated from other Pandemis included on this site by the grayish-brown hindwings and dark scales on the second abdominal sternite in the male.

The following table lists a combination of wing color and geographic distribution that can be used to identify many Pandemis individuals collected in the U.S.

Species	Forewing color	Hindwing color	Sex scales on male 2nd abd. segment	Distribution
canadana	medium to dark brown	all gray	present	Maine, Colorado, Wyoming, Southern Canada
cerasana	straw to light brown	grayish brown	present	Pacific Northwest, British Columbia; Europe and Asia
heparana	medium brown	light to medium grayish brown	absent	Pacific Northwest; Northeastern U.S. and neighboring Canada; Europe and Asia
lamprosana	tan to light brown	white to light gray	absent	Eastern U.S. and neighboring Canda, south to Tennessee/North Carolina
limitata	straw to medium brown	gray and white	present	Eastern U.S. and neighboring Canda, generally absent in the U.S. west of the Rocky Mtns.
pyrusana	straw to medium brown	all white	present	Rocky Mtns. west to California, southern Alberta and British Columbia

MacKay (1962a) examined several species of Nearctic Pandemis and could find no species-specific larval characters. Diagnostic characters for the genus include: SD2 on A1-8 on same pinaculumpinaculum:
singular of "pinacula"
as SD1; L1 and L2 anterioranterior:
before, to the front, toward the head
to spiracle on A2-8; SV group on A1,2,7,8,9 usually 3:3:3:2:2; D2s on A8 as far apart as D1s; D1 on A9 on its own pinaculumpinaculum:
singular of "pinacula"
; anal setae very long; anal combanal comb:
a toothed structure on the last abdominal segment used to eject frass away from the feeding larva; also termed "anal fork"
with 6-8 teeth.

Biology

The following account is summarized from Bradley et al. (1973).

In Europe, P. cerasana completes one or two generations per year. Adults are present June-July for the first generation and August-September for the second generation.

Females deposit eggs in masses on the upper surface of leaves or on branches. Some eggs hatch in late summer; others overwinter and larvae emerge the following spring. Larvae that emerge before winter construct a hibernaculum in the second or third instar. Larvae feed on leaves in the spring and pupation occurs in the final larval feeding site.

Larvae of Pandemis cerasana have been recorded feeding on plants in 15 families. This species is an occasional orchard pest.

Host plant	Host plant family	Reference(s)
Acer sp.	Aceraceae	Fletcher 1921Fletcher 1921: Fletcher, T. B. 1921. Life histories of Indian insects, Microlepidoptera. II. Carposinidae, Phaloniadae, Tortricidae and Eucosmidae. Mem. Dept. Agric. India, Entomol. Ser. 6(2): 33-68.; Bradley et al. 1973Bradley et al. 1973: Bradley, J. D., Tremewan, W. G., Smith, A. 1973. British Tortricoid Moths, Cochylidae and Tortricidae: Tortricinae. The Ray Society, London. 251 pp.
Impatiens sp.	Balsaminaceae	Sylven 1958Sylven 1958: Sylven, E. 1958. Studies on fruit leaf tortricids (Lepidoptera), with special reference to the periodicity of the adult moths. Statens Vaxtskyddsanstalt, Meddelanden [Swedish State Plant Protection Institute Contributions] 11: 74, pp. 135-296. Stockholm.
Berberis sp.	Berberidaceae	Fletcher 1921Fletcher 1921: Fletcher, T. B. 1921. Life histories of Indian insects, Microlepidoptera. II. Carposinidae, Phaloniadae, Tortricidae and Eucosmidae. Mem. Dept. Agric. India, Entomol. Ser. 6(2): 33-68.
Alnus glutinosa	Betulaceae	Bradley et al. 1973Bradley et al. 1973: Bradley, J. D., Tremewan, W. G., Smith, A. 1973. British Tortricoid Moths, Cochylidae and Tortricidae: Tortricinae. The Ray Society, London. 251 pp.; Jaros & Spitzer 2002
Betula sp.	Betulaceae	Fletcher 1921Fletcher 1921: Fletcher, T. B. 1921. Life histories of Indian insects, Microlepidoptera. II. Carposinidae, Phaloniadae, Tortricidae and Eucosmidae. Mem. Dept. Agric. India, Entomol. Ser. 6(2): 33-68.; Meyrick MS 1938Meyrick MS 1938: Meyrick MS 1938. Unpublished manuscript by E. Meyrick at BMNH, data captured by Gaeden Robinson.; Bradley et al. 1973Bradley et al. 1973: Bradley, J. D., Tremewan, W. G., Smith, A. 1973. British Tortricoid Moths, Cochylidae and Tortricidae: Tortricinae. The Ray Society, London. 251 pp.
Corylus avellana	Betulaceae	Bradley et al. 1973Bradley et al. 1973: Bradley, J. D., Tremewan, W. G., Smith, A. 1973. British Tortricoid Moths, Cochylidae and Tortricidae: Tortricinae. The Ray Society, London. 251 pp.
Lonicera periclymenum	Caprifoliaceae	Fox 2004Fox 2004: Fox, B. W. 2004. A study of the guild of Lepidoptera foraging on honeysuckle, Lonicera periclymenum L. Entomologistrsquo;s Gazette. 55: 35-43.
Vaccinium sp.	Ericaceae	Bradley et al. 1973Bradley et al. 1973: Bradley, J. D., Tremewan, W. G., Smith, A. 1973. British Tortricoid Moths, Cochylidae and Tortricidae: Tortricinae. The Ray Society, London. 251 pp.
Quercus robur	Fagaceae	Disque 1908Disque 1908: Disque, H. 1908. Versuch einer microlepidopterologischen Botanik. Deutsch Entomologische Zeitschrift Iris. 21: 34-147.
Quercus sp.	Fagaceae	Fletcher 1921Fletcher 1921: Fletcher, T. B. 1921. Life histories of Indian insects, Microlepidoptera. II. Carposinidae, Phaloniadae, Tortricidae and Eucosmidae. Mem. Dept. Agric. India, Entomol. Ser. 6(2): 33-68.; Meyrick MS 1938Meyrick MS 1938: Meyrick MS 1938. Unpublished manuscript by E. Meyrick at BMNH, data captured by Gaeden Robinson.; Bradley et al. 1973Bradley et al. 1973: Bradley, J. D., Tremewan, W. G., Smith, A. 1973. British Tortricoid Moths, Cochylidae and Tortricidae: Tortricinae. The Ray Society, London. 251 pp.
Ribes sp.	Grossulariaceae	Fletcher 1921Fletcher 1921: Fletcher, T. B. 1921. Life histories of Indian insects, Microlepidoptera. II. Carposinidae, Phaloniadae, Tortricidae and Eucosmidae. Mem. Dept. Agric. India, Entomol. Ser. 6(2): 33-68.
Fraxinus sp.	Oleaceae	Fletcher 1921Fletcher 1921: Fletcher, T. B. 1921. Life histories of Indian insects, Microlepidoptera. II. Carposinidae, Phaloniadae, Tortricidae and Eucosmidae. Mem. Dept. Agric. India, Entomol. Ser. 6(2): 33-68.
Lysimachia sp.	Primulaceae	Bradley et al. 1973Bradley et al. 1973: Bradley, J. D., Tremewan, W. G., Smith, A. 1973. British Tortricoid Moths, Cochylidae and Tortricidae: Tortricinae. The Ray Society, London. 251 pp.
Rhamnus sp.	Rhamnaceae	Fletcher 1921Fletcher 1921: Fletcher, T. B. 1921. Life histories of Indian insects, Microlepidoptera. II. Carposinidae, Phaloniadae, Tortricidae and Eucosmidae. Mem. Dept. Agric. India, Entomol. Ser. 6(2): 33-68.
Crataegus sp.	Rosaceae	Fletcher 1921Fletcher 1921: Fletcher, T. B. 1921. Life histories of Indian insects, Microlepidoptera. II. Carposinidae, Phaloniadae, Tortricidae and Eucosmidae. Mem. Dept. Agric. India, Entomol. Ser. 6(2): 33-68.
Geum sp.	Rosaceae	Fletcher 1921Fletcher 1921: Fletcher, T. B. 1921. Life histories of Indian insects, Microlepidoptera. II. Carposinidae, Phaloniadae, Tortricidae and Eucosmidae. Mem. Dept. Agric. India, Entomol. Ser. 6(2): 33-68.
Malus domestica	Rosaceae	Sylven 1958Sylven 1958: Sylven, E. 1958. Studies on fruit leaf tortricids (Lepidoptera), with special reference to the periodicity of the adult moths. Statens Vaxtskyddsanstalt, Meddelanden [Swedish State Plant Protection Institute Contributions] 11: 74, pp. 135-296. Stockholm.
Malus sylvestris	Rosaceae	Bradley et al. 1973Bradley et al. 1973: Bradley, J. D., Tremewan, W. G., Smith, A. 1973. British Tortricoid Moths, Cochylidae and Tortricidae: Tortricinae. The Ray Society, London. 251 pp.
Prunus sp.	Rosaceae	Fletcher 1921Fletcher 1921: Fletcher, T. B. 1921. Life histories of Indian insects, Microlepidoptera. II. Carposinidae, Phaloniadae, Tortricidae and Eucosmidae. Mem. Dept. Agric. India, Entomol. Ser. 6(2): 33-68.; Meyrick MS 1938Meyrick MS 1938: Meyrick MS 1938. Unpublished manuscript by E. Meyrick at BMNH, data captured by Gaeden Robinson.; Bradley et al. 1973Bradley et al. 1973: Bradley, J. D., Tremewan, W. G., Smith, A. 1973. British Tortricoid Moths, Cochylidae and Tortricidae: Tortricinae. The Ray Society, London. 251 pp.
Pyrus sp.	Rosaceae	Fletcher 1921Fletcher 1921: Fletcher, T. B. 1921. Life histories of Indian insects, Microlepidoptera. II. Carposinidae, Phaloniadae, Tortricidae and Eucosmidae. Mem. Dept. Agric. India, Entomol. Ser. 6(2): 33-68.; Bradley et al. 1973Bradley et al. 1973: Bradley, J. D., Tremewan, W. G., Smith, A. 1973. British Tortricoid Moths, Cochylidae and Tortricidae: Tortricinae. The Ray Society, London. 251 pp.
Rosa sp.	Host plant table (embedded) View full screen host table here Distribution Pandemis cerasana is widely distributed in the Palearctic from Western Europe to Asia. In North America it has been introduced to the Pacific Northwest where it is known currently from British Columbia and Washington. The first North American records are from British Columbia in 1965 (Mutuura 1980Mutuura 1980: Mutuura, A. 1980. Two Pandemis species introduced into British Columbia, with a comparison of native North American species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Canadian Entomologist. 112: 549-554.). Links Additional photos and a distribution map of this species in North America are available at Moth Photographers Group. Male Female Female Female Male genitalia Female genitalia Resting adult. © Svdmolen, Wikipedia Creative Commons Resting adult. © Csaba Szaboky, Bugwood.org previous next