Cydia latiferreana

Type

Native

Taxonomy

Cydia latiferreana (Walsingham) (Tortricidae: Olethreutinae: Grapholitini)

Common names: filbertworm

Synonyms: aurichalceana (Melissopus), inquilina (Cydia)

Notes: Cydia latiferreana is known as Melissopus latiferreanus in much of the economic literature. Melissopus was synonymized with Cydia by Brown (1983)Brown (1983):
Brown, R. L. 1983. Taxonomic and morphological investigations of Olethreutinae: Rhopobota , Griselda , Melissopus , and Cydia (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Entomography 2: 97-120., but this is highly questionable. Cydia latiferreana may be a complex of several closely related species distinguishable by genitalia. See the "Adult Recognition" section below for more information.

Adult Recognition

FWLFWL:
forewing length; the distance from the base of the forewing to the apex, including fringe
: 6.0-9.5 mm

Adult forewing color is extremely variable and ranges from pale tan to orange red to dark brown. Most individuals are marked with two metallic transverse bands that run from costacosta:
the anterior margin of each wing
to dorsumdorsum:
the lower (usually posterior) or inner margin
. Hindwings are dark brown.

Male genitalia are equally variable. Heinrich (1926)Heinrich (1926):
Heinrich, C. 1926. Revision of the North American moths of the subfamilies Laspeyresiinae and Olethreutinae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum. 132: 1-216. designated seven different forms (type A-G) based on variation in the dorsally projecting extensions of the tegumentegumen:
dorsal section of the transverse ring in male genitalia; often heavily sclerotized
and laterallateral:
to the side
projection off the aedeagusaedeagus:
the male intromittent organ (penis); see "phallus"
. The different forms are somewhat geographically isolated, and are assumed to constitute a species complex, although there have been no conclusive studies that demonstrate this to be the case.

Female genitalia are variable in the shape of the sterigmasterigma:
the sclerotized region surrounding the female ostium bursae
, but all forms have two moderate thorn-like signasignum:
a sclerotized projection or patch on the interior of the corpus bursae
in the corpus bursaecorpus bursae:
a dilated membranous sac at the anterior end of the bursa copulatrix
.

Larval Morphology

The following account is summarized from MacKay (1959)MacKay (1959):
MacKay, M. R. 1959. Larvae of the North American Olethreutidae (Lepidoptera). Canadian Entomologist, Supplement 10: 1-338..

Mature larva approximately 12-15 mm in length; width of head 1.3-1.4 mm; head yellowish brown, darker pigmentation present laterally; prothoracic shieldprothoracic shield:
a sclerotized plate on the dorsal surface of the prothorax
and anal shieldanal shield:
a sclerotized plate on the dorsal surface of the last abdominal segment (in larvae)
yellow or brown; body, legs whitish-gray; anal fork absent; SV group on A1, 2, 7, 8, 9 most commonly 3:3:2:1:1 but highly variable.

Detailed figures of larval chaetotaxychaetotaxy:
the arrangement of setae (in reference to Lepidoptera larvae), often depicted on a "setal map"
are available in MacKay (1959)MacKay (1959):
MacKay, M. R. 1959. Larvae of the North American Olethreutidae (Lepidoptera). Canadian Entomologist, Supplement 10: 1-338..

Similar Species

Cydia latiferreana is unlikely to be confused with any other North American tortricid. The orange-brown forewing and distinctive silver fasciaefascia:
a dark transverse band on the forewing
will readily separate it from all other species.

Biology

The following account is summarized from Dohanian (1940)Dohanian (1940):
Dohanian, S. M. 1940. Melissopus latiferreanus as a Pest of Filberts in the Northwest. Journal of Economic Entomology. 33(6): 852-856..

Cydia latiferreana completes multiple generations over most of its range. Adults may be present March to November in southern locations with reduced flight periods in the North.

Larvae feed within the acorns, nuts, and burrs of Quercus (oak), Fagus (beech), Corylus (hazelnut and filbert), and Castanea (chestnut). Overwintering occurs in the soil or leaf litter, and pupation occurs the following spring. Larvae have also been reported to infest oak galls produced by cynipid wasps.

Commonly known as the filbertworm, Cydia latiferreana is a pest of cultivated filberts and hazelnuts.

Host plant	Host plant family	Reference(s)
Corylus avellana	Betulaceae	CABI 2002
Corylus sp.	Betulaceae	Prentice 1966Prentice 1966: Prentice, R. M. 1966. Vol. 4. Microlepidoptera. In : Forest Lepidoptera of Canada recorded by the Forest Insect Survey. Dept. For. Canada Publ. 1142: 543-840.; CABI 2002
Castanea sp.	Fagaceae	Heinrich 1926Heinrich 1926: Heinrich, C. 1926. Revision of the North American moths of the subfamilies Laspeyresiinae and Olethreutinae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum. 132: 1-216.; MacKay 1959MacKay 1959: MacKay, M. R. 1959. Larvae of the North American Olethreutidae (Lepidoptera). Canadian Entomologist, Supplement 10: 1-338.; CABI 2002
Fagus sp.	Fagaceae	Heinrich 1926Heinrich 1926: Heinrich, C. 1926. Revision of the North American moths of the subfamilies Laspeyresiinae and Olethreutinae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum. 132: 1-216.; MacKay 1959MacKay 1959: MacKay, M. R. 1959. Larvae of the North American Olethreutidae (Lepidoptera). Canadian Entomologist, Supplement 10: 1-338.; CABI 2002
Quercus agrifolia	Fagaceae	CABI 2002; Powell 2006Powell 2006: Powell, J. A. 2006. Database of Lepidoptera rearing lots, 1960-2005. University of California Berkeley, CA.
Quercus alba	Fagaceae	Peacock et al. 1988Peacock et al. 1988: Peacock, J. W., Wright, S. L., Galford, J. R. 1988. Attraction of acorn-infesting Cydia latiferreana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) to pheromone-baited traps. Great Lakes Entomologist. 21: 151-156.; CABI 2002
Quercus chrysolepis	Fagaceae	Powell 2006Powell 2006: Powell, J. A. 2006. Database of Lepidoptera rearing lots, 1960-2005. University of California Berkeley, CA.
Quercus douglasii	Fagaceae	CABI 2002; Powell 2006Powell 2006: Powell, J. A. 2006. Database of Lepidoptera rearing lots, 1960-2005. University of California Berkeley, CA.
Quercus falcata	Fagaceae	CABI 2002
Quercus kelloggii	Fagaceae	Powell 2006Powell 2006: Powell, J. A. 2006. Database of Lepidoptera rearing lots, 1960-2005. University of California Berkeley, CA.
Quercus lobata Nee	Fagaceae	CABI 2002; Powell 2006Powell 2006: Powell, J. A. 2006. Database of Lepidoptera rearing lots, 1960-2005. University of California Berkeley, CA.
Quercus macrocarpa Michx.	Fagaceae	Peacock et al. 1988Peacock et al. 1988: Peacock, J. W., Wright, S. L., Galford, J. R. 1988. Attraction of acorn-infesting Cydia latiferreana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) to pheromone-baited traps. Great Lakes Entomologist. 21: 151-156.
Quercus nigra	Fagaceae	CABI 2002
Quercus rubra	Fagaceae	Prentice 1966Prentice 1966: Prentice, R. M. 1966. Vol. 4. Microlepidoptera. In : Forest Lepidoptera of Canada recorded by the Forest Insect Survey. Dept. For. Canada Publ. 1142: 543-840.; Peacock et al. 1988Peacock et al. 1988: Peacock, J. W., Wright, S. L., Galford, J. R. 1988. Attraction of acorn-infesting Cydia latiferreana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) to pheromone-baited traps. Great Lakes Entomologist. 21: 151-156.; CABI 2002
Quercus velutina	Fagaceae	Peacock et al. 1988Peacock et al. 1988: Peacock, J. W., Wright, S. L., Galford, J. R. 1988. Attraction of acorn-infesting Cydia latiferreana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) to pheromone-baited traps. Great Lakes Entomologist. 21: 151-156.
Quercus wislizeni	Fagaceae	Powell 2006Powell 2006: Powell, J. A. 2006. Database of Lepidoptera rearing lots, 1960-2005. University of California Berkeley, CA.
Quercus sp.	Fagaceae	Riley 1881Riley 1881: Riley, C. V. 1881. Descriptions of some new Tortricidae. Transactions of the St. Louis Academy of Sciences. 4: 316-324.; Fernald 1882aFernald 1882a: Fernald, C. H. 1882a. A synonymical catalogue of the described Tortricidae of North America, north of Mexico. Transactions of the American Entomological Society. 10: 1-64.; Heinrich 1926Heinrich 1926: Heinrich, C. 1926. Revision of the North American moths of the subfamilies Laspeyresiinae and Olethreutinae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum. 132: 1-216.; MacKay 1959MacKay 1959: MacKay, M. R. 1959. Larvae of the North American Olethreutidae (Lepidoptera). Canadian Entomologist, Supplement 10: 1-338.; Brown 1983Brown 1983: Brown, R. L. 1983. Taxonomic and morphological investigations of Olethreutinae: Rhopobota , Griselda , Melissopus , and Cydia (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Entomography 2: 97-120.; Powell 2006Powell 2006: Powell, J. A. 2006. Database of Lepidoptera rearing lots, 1960-2005. University of California Berkeley, CA.
Juglans regia	Juglandaceae	CABI 2002
Macadamia sp.	Proteaceae	Atkins 2006Atkins 2006: Atkins, E.L. 2006. Macadamia moth pests in California: known and potential [Reprint from CMS 1963]. http://www.coopersnuthouse.com/maclib/MacadamiaMothPestsCalifornia.htm (accessed July 2006).
Punica granatum	Punicaceae	CABI 2002
Prunus dulcis	Rosaceae	CABI 2002
Prunus ilicifolia lyonii	Rosaceae	CABI 2002
Prunus sp.

Host plant table (embedded)

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Distribution

Cydia latiferreana is widely distributed across North America and northern Mexico, but is absent from the Central and Northern Rocky Mountains and boreal Canada.