Exotic, but established
Cydia coniferana (Saxesen) (Tortricidae: Olethreutinae: Grapholitini)
Synonyms: ericicolana (Coccyx), separatana (Tortrix)
FWLFWL:
forewing length; the distance from the base of the forewing to the apex, including fringe
: 4.5-6.5 mm
Adults are small and brown. Many individuals have a pair of white strigulae that run continuous from costacosta:
the anterior margin of each wing 
to dorsumdorsum:
the lower (usually posterior) or inner margin 
on the forewing; expression of these markings may vary considerably. A conspicuous ocellusocellus:
forewing pattern element - an ovoid region anterior to the tornus; adult head - a simple insect "eye" located dorsal to the compound eye 
is present in the distaldistal:
farthest from body, distant from point of attachment
portion of the forwing. Hindwings are brown.
Male genitalia are characterized by the absence of an uncusuncus:
a sclerotized process which is fused to the posterodorsal margin of tergum IX
; a small, toothlike projection of the ventralventral:
lower, to the bottom, on the under side
margin of the valvavalva:
an appendage flanking the intromittent organ that is used to clasp the female during copulation
; and numerous small cornuticornutus:
spines used to anchor the male vesica in the female bursa during copulation
in the aedeagusaedeagus:
the male intromittent organ (penis); see "phallus" 
. Female genitalia are characterized by a short ductus bursaeductus bursae:
a membranous tube connecting the ostium bursae to the corpus bursae
and a pair of small tack-like signasignum:
a sclerotized projection or patch on the interior of the corpus bursae
in the corpus bursaecorpus bursae:
a dilated membranous sac at the anterior end of the bursa copulatrix
.
The following account is summarized from Swatschek (1958)Swatschek (1958):
Swatschek, B. 1958. Die larval systematik der wickler (Tortricidae und Carposinidae) aus dem zoologischen Institut der Universitat Erlangen. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin. 269 pp. [Abhandlungen zur larvalsystematik Insekten 3.].
Late instar larvae are white or yellowish with a light-brown head that may have darker posterolateralposterolateral:
towards the rear and side; posterior and lateral 
shading. The prothoracic shieldprothoracic shield:
a sclerotized plate on the dorsal surface of the prothorax 
is yellowish brown and lightly sclerotizedsclerotized:
hardened; usually in reference to larval structures or adult genitalia 
. The anal shieldanal shield:
a sclerotized plate on the dorsal surface of the last abdominal segment (in larvae) 
is marked with dark brown spots.
Adults of Cydia coniferana are similar to several other Cydia and Grapholita species. A genitalic dissection may be necessary to confirm identity.
The following account is summarized from LaGasa & Passoa (2007).
Cydia coniferana completes 1-2 generations per year in Europe. Adults are present from mid-May to August. It is not yet known how many generations per year occur in North America.
Larvae create a silk-lined tunnel under the bark of the host tree and feed in the cambium. Larval damage is characterized by loose bark and exuded frass mixed with resin. Larvae often infest trees that are infected with fungus or those that are injured.
Larvae have been reported feeding on various species of fir, spruce, and pine. This species is generally characterized as an occasional pest of young pines.
| Host plant | Host plant family | Reference(s) |
| Abies sp. | Pinaceae | Bradley et al. 1979Bradley et al. 1979: Bradley, J. D., Tremewan, W. G., Smith, A. 1979. British Tortricoid Moths, Tortricidae: Olethreutinae. The Ray Society, London. 336 pp. |
| Picea abies | Pinaceae | Postner 1978Postner 1978: Postner, M. 1978. Olethreutinae. Laspeyresiiini, pp. 89-109. In : Schwenke, W. (ed.), Die Forstschadlinge europas. Volume 3. Schmetterlinge. Parey, Hamburg. 467 pp.; Miller 1990Miller 1990: Miller, W. E. 1990. Body size and diet quality in the genus Cydia (Tortricidae). Journal of the Lepidopteristsrsquo; Society. 44: 113-142. |
| Picea alba | Pinaceae | Postner 1978Postner 1978: Postner, M. 1978. Olethreutinae. Laspeyresiiini, pp. 89-109. In : Schwenke, W. (ed.), Die Forstschadlinge europas. Volume 3. Schmetterlinge. Parey, Hamburg. 467 pp.; Miller 1990Miller 1990: Miller, W. E. 1990. Body size and diet quality in the genus Cydia (Tortricidae). Journal of the Lepidopteristsrsquo; Society. 44: 113-142. |
| Picea sitchensis | Pinaceae | Heckford 1997Heckford 1997: Heckford, R.J. 1997. Pammene ochsenheimeriana (Lienig & Zeller) and Cydia coniferana (Ratzeburg) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) bred from Picea sitchensis. Entomologist's Gazette. 48: 53. |
| Picea sp. | Pinaceae | Bradley et al. 1979Bradley et al. 1979: Bradley, J. D., Tremewan, W. G., Smith, A. 1979. British Tortricoid Moths, Tortricidae: Olethreutinae. The Ray Society, London. 336 pp. |
| Pinus nigra | Pinaceae | Postner 1978Postner 1978: Postner, M. 1978. Olethreutinae. Laspeyresiiini, pp. 89-109. In : Schwenke, W. (ed.), Die Forstschadlinge europas. Volume 3. Schmetterlinge. Parey, Hamburg. 467 pp.; Bradley et al. 1979Bradley et al. 1979: Bradley, J. D., Tremewan, W. G., Smith, A. 1979. British Tortricoid Moths, Tortricidae: Olethreutinae. The Ray Society, London. 336 pp.; Miller 1990Miller 1990: Miller, W. E. 1990. Body size and diet quality in the genus Cydia (Tortricidae). Journal of the Lepidopteristsrsquo; Society. 44: 113-142. |
| Pinus resinosa | Pinaceae | Schaffner 1959Schaffner 1959: Schaffner, J. V. 1959. Microlepidoptera and their parasites reared from field collections in the northeastern United States. USDA, Misc. Publ. 767. 97 pp. |
| Pinus sylvestris | Pinaceae | Bradley et al. 1979Bradley et al. 1979: Bradley, J. D., Tremewan, W. G., Smith, A. 1979. British Tortricoid Moths, Tortricidae: Olethreutinae. The Ray Society, London. 336 pp.; Postner 1978Postner 1978: Postner, M. 1978. Olethreutinae. Laspeyresiiini, pp. 89-109. In : Schwenke, W. (ed.), Die Forstschadlinge europas. Volume 3. Schmetterlinge. Parey, Hamburg. 467 pp.; Miller 1990Miller 1990: Miller, W. E. 1990. Body size and diet quality in the genus Cydia (Tortricidae). Journal of the Lepidopteristsrsquo; Society. 44: 113-142. |
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Cydia coniferana is distributed from Europe east to China and Mongolia. The first North American record is from New York in the late 1950s but the population never established. It was not detected again in North America until an adult was collected in Washington in 2000. Additional surveys have shown that it is established and widespread in Washington and Oregon, although unpublished molecular data suggests that this recent introduction may be a different species.
