Native
Clepsis fucana (Walsingham) (Tortricidae: Tortricinae: Archipini)
Synonyms: busckana (Clepsis), victoriana (Cacoecia)
FWLFWL:
forewing length; the distance from the base of the forewing to the apex, including fringe
: 6.0-10.5 mm
Forewing color varies from dark brown to white. Most individuals have a well-defined median fasciafascia:
a dark transverse band on the forewing
and costal spotcostal spot:
a patch of contrasting scales on the costa, usually a remnant of the postmedian or preterminal fascia
, although some may be nearly unmarked. Hindwing color is primarily white. Males lack a forewing costal foldforewing costal fold:
a flap or fold at the base of the forewing that contains specialized sex scales
.
Male genitalia are characterized by a well-developed uncusuncus:
a sclerotized process which is fused to the posterodorsal margin of tergum IX
; an incomplete transtilla divided into two spined lobes, and valvaevalva:
an appendage flanking the intromittent organ that is used to clasp the female during copulation
with a small membranous lobe on the apexapex:
the point furthest removed from the base or at the end of the costal area
. Female genitalia are characterized by a long, straight ductus bursaeductus bursae:
a membranous tube connecting the ostium bursae to the corpus bursae
without a cestumcestum:
a long, bandlike sclerotization of the wall of the ductus bursae
and corpus bursaecorpus bursae:
a dilated membranous sac at the anterior end of the bursa copulatrix
without a signumsignum:
a sclerotized projection or patch on the interior of the corpus bursae
.
The following account is summarized from MacKay (1962a).
Mature larva approximately 13 mm in length; width of head 1.0-1.2 mm; head yellow, dark pigmentation presentation laterally; body pale yellow or green; pinaculapinaculum:
flattened sclerotized plates on a caterpillar that bear the setae
moderately large with long setae; anal fork present; SV group on A1, 2, 7, 8, 9 numbering 3:3:3:2:2.
Detailed figures of larval chaetotaxychaetotaxy:
the arrangement of setae (in reference to Lepidoptera larvae), often depicted on a "setal map"
are available in MacKay (1962a).
Clepsis fucana, C. penetralis, C. peritana, and C. virescana are all similar in appearance. Clepsis fucana is generally larger than the other three species and is found only on the West Coast. Clepsis penetralis has only been recorded from Colorado, Utah, and Vermont, although it may be misidentified in collections making its true distribution unknown. Clepsis peritana is the most commonly collected Clepsis, and it can be found throughout the United States and southern Canada. Clepsis virescana is generally larger than C. peritana and males possess a forewing costal foldforewing costal fold:
a flap or fold at the base of the forewing that contains specialized sex scales
. The following table lists diagnostic features that can be used to separate these four Clepsis species:
Clepsis species | FWLFWL: forewing length; the distance from the base of the forewing to the apex, including fringe |
Male forewing costal foldforewing costal fold: a flap or fold at the base of the forewing that contains specialized sex scales |
Male valvavalva: an appendage flanking the intromittent organ that is used to clasp the female during copulation membranous lobe |
Female ductus bursaeductus bursae: a membranous tube connecting the ostium bursae to the corpus bursae |
Female signumsignum: a sclerotized projection or patch on the interior of the corpus bursae |
Distribution |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
fucana | 6.5-10.5 mm | absent | present as small lobe | straight | absent | West Coast |
penetralis | 6.0-7.5 mm | absent | present as moderate lobe | weakly twisted | absent | Unknown; recorded from Colorado, Utah, and Vermont |
peritana | 4.5-7.5 mm | absent | absent; entire apexapex: the point furthest removed from the base or at the end of the costal area is membranous |
tightly coiled | absent | United States and southern Canada |
virescana | 6.0-9.0 mm | present | present as small lobe | straight | present | United States and southern Canada |
The following account is summarized from Powell (1964b).
Clepsis fucana completes two generations per year. Adults are most common in April to June and again in September and October. Larvae hollow out terminals of the host and feed on leaves that are webbed to the larval shelter.
Larvae of Clepsis fucana have been recorded feeding on plants in a variety of families.
Host plant | Host plant family | Reference(s) |
Anaphalis margaritacea | Asteraceae | De Benedictis et al. 1990De Benedictis et al. 1990: De Benedictis, J. A., Wagner, D. L., Whitfield, J. B. 1990. Larval hosts of Microlepidoptera of the San Bruno Mountains, California. Atala. 16: 14-35. |
Anaphalis sp. | Asteraceae | Powell 1964bPowell 1964b: Powell, J. A. 1964b. Biological and taxonomic studies on tortricine moths, with reference to the species in California. University of California Publications in Entomology. Vol. 32. 317 pp. |
Gnaphalium sp. | Asteraceae | De Benedictis et al. 1990De Benedictis et al. 1990: De Benedictis, J. A., Wagner, D. L., Whitfield, J. B. 1990. Larval hosts of Microlepidoptera of the San Bruno Mountains, California. Atala. 16: 14-35.; Powell 2006Powell 2006: Powell, J. A. 2006. Database of Lepidoptera rearing lots, 1960-2005. University of California Berkeley, CA. |
Senecio jacobaea | Asteraceae | Frick & Hawkes 1970 |
[unspecified] | Boraginaceae | De Benedictis et al. 1990De Benedictis et al. 1990: De Benedictis, J. A., Wagner, D. L., Whitfield, J. B. 1990. Larval hosts of Microlepidoptera of the San Bruno Mountains, California. Atala. 16: 14-35. |
Marah oreganus | Cucurbitaceae | De Benedictis et al. 1990De Benedictis et al. 1990: De Benedictis, J. A., Wagner, D. L., Whitfield, J. B. 1990. Larval hosts of Microlepidoptera of the San Bruno Mountains, California. Atala. 16: 14-35. |
Quercus agrifolia | Fagaceae | Powell 2006Powell 2006: Powell, J. A. 2006. Database of Lepidoptera rearing lots, 1960-2005. University of California Berkeley, CA. |
Phacelia californica | Hydrophyllaceae | De Benedictis et al. 1990De Benedictis et al. 1990: De Benedictis, J. A., Wagner, D. L., Whitfield, J. B. 1990. Larval hosts of Microlepidoptera of the San Bruno Mountains, California. Atala. 16: 14-35. |
Stachys bullata | Lamiaceae | Keifer 1933Keifer 1933: Keifer, H. H. 1933. California Microlepidoptera. VI. Calif. Dept. Agric. Month. Bull. 22: 351-365.; Powell 1964bPowell 1964b: Powell, J. A. 1964b. Biological and taxonomic studies on tortricine moths, with reference to the species in California. University of California Publications in Entomology. Vol. 32. 317 pp.; Powell 2006Powell 2006: Powell, J. A. 2006. Database of Lepidoptera rearing lots, 1960-2005. University of California Berkeley, CA. |
Stachys sp. | Lamiaceae | Meyrick MS 1938Meyrick MS 1938: Meyrick MS 1938. Unpublished manuscript by E. Meyrick at BMNH, data captured by Gaeden Robinson. |
Cyclamen sp. | Primulaceae | Keifer 1935Keifer 1935: Keifer, H. H. 1935. California Microlepidoptera. VII. Calif. Dept. Agric. Month. Bull. 24: 195-218.; MacKay 1962aMacKay 1962a: MacKay, M. R. 1962a. Larvae of the North American Tortricinae (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Canadian Entomologist, Supplement 28: 1-182.; Powell 1964bPowell 1964b: Powell, J. A. 1964b. Biological and taxonomic studies on tortricine moths, with reference to the species in California. University of California Publications in Entomology. Vol. 32. 317 pp. |
Frangula californica | Rhamnaceae | Powell 1964bPowell 1964b: Powell, J. A. 1964b. Biological and taxonomic studies on tortricine moths, with reference to the species in California. University of California Publications in Entomology. Vol. 32. 317 pp. |
Fragaria chiloensis | Rosaceae | De Benedictis et al. 1990De Benedictis et al. 1990: De Benedictis, J. A., Wagner, D. L., Whitfield, J. B. 1990. Larval hosts of Microlepidoptera of the San Bruno Mountains, California. Atala. 16: 14-35.; Powell 2006Powell 2006: Powell, J. A. 2006. Database of Lepidoptera rearing lots, 1960-2005. University of California Berkeley, CA. |
Horkelia californica | Rosaceae | De Benedictis et al. 1990De Benedictis et al. 1990: De Benedictis, J. A., Wagner, D. L., Whitfield, J. B. 1990. Larval hosts of Microlepidoptera of the San Bruno Mountains, California. Atala. 16: 14-35.; Powell 2006Powell 2006: Powell, J. A. 2006. Database of Lepidoptera rearing lots, 1960-2005. University of California Berkeley, CA. |
Rubus parviflorus | Rosaceae | Powell 2006Powell 2006: Powell, J. A. 2006. Database of Lepidoptera rearing lots, 1960-2005. University of California Berkeley, CA. |
Rubus sp. | Rosaceae | Powell 2006Powell 2006: Powell, J. A. 2006. Database of Lepidoptera rearing lots, 1960-2005. University of California Berkeley, CA. |
Scrophularia californica | Scrophulariaceae | Keifer 1933Keifer 1933: Keifer, H. H. 1933. California Microlepidoptera. VI. Calif. Dept. Agric. Month. Bull. 22: 351-365.; Freeman 1958Freeman 1958: Freeman, T. N. 1958. The Archipinae of North America (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Canadian Entomologist, Supplement 7 (Vol. 90): 1-89.; Powell 1964bPowell 1964b: Powell, J. A. 1964b. Biological and taxonomic studies on tortricine moths, with reference to the species in California. University of California Publications in Entomology. Vol. 32. 317 pp.; De Benedictis et al. 1990De Benedictis et al. 1990: De Benedictis, J. A., Wagner, D. L., Whitfield, J. B. 1990. Larval hosts of Microlepidoptera of the San Bruno Mountains, California. Atala. 16: 14-35.; Powell 2006Powell 2006: Powell, J. A. 2006. Database of Lepidoptera rearing lots, 1960-2005. University of California Berkeley, CA. |
Scrophularia sp. | Scrophulariaceae | Meyrick MS 1938Meyrick MS 1938: Meyrick MS 1938. Unpublished manuscript by E. Meyrick at BMNH, data captured by Gaeden Robinson.; Powell 1964bPowell 1964b: Powell, J. A. 1964b. Biological and taxonomic studies on tortricine moths, with reference to the species in California. University of California Publications in Entomology. Vol. 32. 317 pp. |
Urtica dioica holosericea | Urticaceae | Powell 2006Powell 2006: Powell, J. A. 2006. Database of Lepidoptera rearing lots, 1960-2005. University of California Berkeley, CA. |
View full screen host table here
Clepsis fucana occurs along the west coast of North America from British Columbia south to at least Monterey County, California.