Exotic
Bonagota salubricola (Meyrick) (Tortricidae: Tortricinae: Cochylini)
Common name: Brazilian apple leafroller
Synonyms: cranaodes (Phtheochroa)
FWLFWL:
forewing length; the distance from the base of the forewing to the apex, including fringe
: 6.0-9.0 mm
Moderately sexually dimorphic. Labial palpilabial palpi:
a pair of sensory appendages that project from the lower part of the head; usually covered in scales and three-segmented
short; forewings primarily gray-brown with paler fasciaefascia:
a dark transverse band on the forewing
present at midpoint of costacosta:
the anterior margin of each wing 
and along termentermen:
the outer edge of the forewing 
; hindwings dark gray.
Male genitalia are characterized by a long, thing uncusuncus:
a sclerotized process which is fused to the posterodorsal margin of tergum IX
; well-developed, elongate, setosesetose:
covered with setae
sociisocii:
a pair of lightly sclerotized setose lobes
; long, semicircular valvaevalva:
an appendage flanking the intromittent organ that is used to clasp the female during copulation
; and a very short uncusuncus:
a sclerotized process which is fused to the posterodorsal margin of tergum IX. Female genitalia are characterized by long apophysesapophyses:
apodemal rods used to extend the ovipositor; divided into the apophyses anteriores and apophyses posteriores 
, a short ductus bursaeductus bursae:
a membranous tube connecting the ostium bursae to the corpus bursae
, and a large corpus bursaecorpus bursae:
a dilated membranous sac at the anterior end of the bursa copulatrix
without a signumsignum:
a sclerotized projection or patch on the interior of the corpus bursae
.
The following account is summarized from Bentancourt et al. (2004).
Mature larva 12-14 mm in length; body greenish with two whitish dorsolateral bands. It may be confused with larvae of another pest species, Argyrotaenia sphaleropa, with which it co-occurs in orchards and vineyards in South America.
Adults can be easily confused with several other genera of tortricids, such as Ptychocroca and Apotomops, but can be readily distinguished by examination of the genitalia. Bonagota can be distinguished by the extremely elongate sociisocii:
a pair of lightly sclerotized setose lobes, the extremely broad valvavalva:
an appendage flanking the intromittent organ that is used to clasp the female during copulation, and the extreme sexual dimorphism in forewing pattern and size.
Bonagota salubricola has expanded its host range in the past 50 years to become a significant pest of apple, pear, plum, and grapes in South America (Bentancourt et al. 2004Bentancourt et al. 2004:
Bentancourt, C. M., Scatoni, I. B., Gonzalez, A., Franco, J. 2004. Biology of Bonagota cranaodes (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on seven natural foods. Neotropical Entomology. 33: 299-306.), although it also feeds on many common ornamental and weedy species.
Larvae cause damage by primarily feeding on the peel and pulp of the fruits of the hosts, but also may feed on vegetative tissue. Feeding damage can be exacerbated by allowing the entry of bunch rot organisms into the feeding site. Losses in apple harvests can amount to up to 5% in Brazil (Bentancourt et al. 2004Bentancourt et al. 2004:
Bentancourt, C. M., Scatoni, I. B., Gonzalez, A., Franco, J. 2004. Biology of Bonagota cranaodes (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on seven natural foods. Neotropical Entomology. 33: 299-306.). Honeysuckle (Lonicera spp.) appears to be a habitual winter host, when apples and grapes are not available (Bentancourt et al. 2004Bentancourt et al. 2004:
Bentancourt, C. M., Scatoni, I. B., Gonzalez, A., Franco, J. 2004. Biology of Bonagota cranaodes (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on seven natural foods. Neotropical Entomology. 33: 299-306.).
| Host plant | Host plant family | Reference(s) | |
| Schinus longifolius | Anacardiaceae | Brown & Passoa 1998 | |
| Lonicera japonica | Caprifoliaceae | Brown & Passoa 1998; Bentancourt et al. 2004Bentancourt et al. 2004: Bentancourt, C. M., Scatoni, I. B., Gonzalez, A., Franco, J. 2004. Biology of Bonagota cranaodes (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on seven natural foods. Neotropical Entomology. 33: 299-306. |
|
| Ipomoea indica | Convolvulaceae | Brown & Passoa 1998 | |
| Acacia longifolia | Fabaceae | Brown & Passoa 1998 | |
| Erythrina cristi-galli | Fabaceae | Chambon & Scatoni 1997 | |
| Geoffroea decorticans | Fabaceae | Brown & Passoa 1998 | |
| Medicago sativa | Fabaceae | Brown & Passoa 1998 | |
| Mimosa sp. | Fabaceae | Clarke 1963Clarke 1963: Clarke, J. F. G. 1963. Catalogue of the Type Specimens of Microlepidoptera in the British Museum (Natural History) described by Edward Meyrick, Vol 4. Trustees of the British Museum, London. 521 pp.; Brown & Passoa 1998 |
|
| Mimosa sp. | Fabaceae | Meyrick 1937aMeyrick 1937a: Meyrick, E. 1937a. Exotic Microlepidoptera. 5(4): 97-128. |
|
| Rapanea lorentziana | Myrsinaceae | Brown & Passoa 1998 | |
| Ligustrum lucidum | Oleaceae | Chambon & Scatoni 1997; Brown & Passoa 1998 | |
| Platanus orientalis | Platanaceae | Brown & Passoa 1998 | |
| Polygonum sp. | Polygonaceae | Brown & Passoa 1998 | |
| Malus domestica | Rosaceae | Brown & Passoa 1998; Bentancourt et al. 2004Bentancourt et al. 2004: Bentancourt, C. M., Scatoni, I. B., Gonzalez, A., Franco, J. 2004. Biology of Bonagota cranaodes (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on seven natural foods. Neotropical Entomology. 33: 299-306. |
|
| Malus pumila | Rosaceae | Chambon & Scatoni 1997 | |
| Malus sp. | Rosaceae | Eiras et al. 1999 | |
| Prunus domestica | Rosaceae | Chambon & Scatoni 1997; Brown & Passoa 1998 | |
| Prunus persica | Rosaceae | Chambon & Scatoni 1997 | |
| Pyrus communis | Rosaceae | Brown & Passoa 1998 | |
| Gardenia jasminoides | Rubiaceae | Chambon & Scatoni 1997 | |
| Citrus limon | Rutacea
Host plant table (embedded)View full screen host table here DistributionBonagota salubricola occurs in Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay (Brown & Razowski 2003Razowski 2003: 
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