Bactrocera zonata

Common name  

peach fruit fly

Description

Typical of Bactrocera larvae with the following specific characteristics for the third instar:

Body. Body length 10–11mm.

Head. Stomal organ: other peg-sensilla-like structures absent. Stomal region: secondary lobes short, leaf-like. Number of oral ridges 10–11 (deep, clearly defined rows); margins serrate, or dentate. Median oral lobe absent or not protruding.

Spinules and creeping welts. Dorsal spinules on segments T1-T3.

Anterior spiracles. Anterior spiracle concave medially. Anterior spiracular tubules 13–15.

Caudal segment (a8) and anal lobes. Anal lobes plainly visible, but not protuberant; simple (?).

Posterior spiracles. Slits 3–3.5x longer than wide (about). Length of slits 48-55 µm. Dorsal spiracular processes with numerous trunks arising from an elongate base, or with numerous trunks arising from a short or semicircular base (long processes). Number of dorsal spiracular processes 3–17. Number of ventral spiracular processes 3–17. Number of lateral spiracular processes 6–8. Basal width of spiracular processes 2.4-4.4 µm. Average number of tips 23-32. Ratio of number of tips to number of trunks 2.0-2.7.

Host plants

Highly polyphagous, infesting at least the following families and genera:*

Family	Genus
Anacardiaceae	Mangifera
Annonaceae	Annona
Arecaceae	Phoenix
Caricaceae	Carica
Combretaceae	Terminalia
Cucurbitaceae	Citrullus, Coccinia, Cucumis, Cucurbita, Lagenaria, Luffa, Momordica
Ebenaceae	Diospyros
Elaeocarpaceae	Elaeocarpus
Euphorbiaceae	sp.
Fabaceae	Afzelia
Lauraceae	Persea
Lecythidaceae	Careya
Lythraceae	Punica
Malpighiaceae	Malpighia
Malvaceae	Abelmoschus, Grewia
Moraceae	Ficus
Myrtaceae	Psidium, Syzygium
Oleaceae	Olea
Rhamnaceae	Ziziphus
Rosaceae	Cydonia, Eriobotrya, Malus, Prunus, Pyrus
Rutaceae	Aegle, Casimiroa, Citrus
Sapotaceae	Manilkara, Mimusops
Solanaceae	Solanum

*See Culliney et al. (2017)

Part of plant attacked: fruit.

Biogeographic region and distribution

Afrotropical, Australasian, Oriental

Pakistan and Sri Lanka to Vietnam; Indonesia (Maluku); introduced Mauritius.

Adult taxonomy

Bactrocera (Bactrocera) zonata (Saunders)
Dasyneura zonatus Saunders 1842: 61.—central India. T A UMO? Type depository misstated by Hardy 1973: 54, no ST in BMNH.
Bactrocera maculigera Doleschall 1858: 122.—Indonesia. Maluku: Amboina [Ambon I.]. T A ZMHU. Also possible ST in NMW (Froggatt 1909: 94).
Rivellia persicae Bigot 1890: 192.—India. [Bihar: Chota Nagpur, Ranchi]. ST ♂♀ ZSI? Type data (Cotes 1890: 195, Bezzi 1916: 106); also possibly ST in UMO.
Dacus ferrugineus var. mangiferae Cotes 1893: 17.—India. Bihar: Tirhoot. LT ♀ ZSI? Lectotype designated by Drew and
Hancock 1994: 20, female in Cotes’ figure; type data (Bezzi 1913: 75).
 

References

Carroll, L. E., A. L. Norrbom, M. J. Dallwitz, and F. C. Thompson. 2004 onwards. Pest fruit flies of the world – larvae. Version: 8th December 2006. http://delta-intkey.com.

Culliney, T. W., N. J. Liquido, G. T. McQuate, M. A. Hanlin, A. P. K. Tateno, K. L. K. Lee, A. L. Birnbaum, A. J. Ching, K. A. Nakamichi, J. R. Inskeep, and S. A. Marnell. 2017. A review of recorded host plants of peach fruit fly, Bactrocera (Bactrocera) zonata (Saunders) (Diptera: Tephritidae), Version 1.3. Available online at: USDA Compendium of Fruit Fly Host Information (CoFFHI), Edition 3.0, https://coffhi.cphst.org/.

Kandybina, M. N. 1977. The larvae of fruit-flies (Diptera, Tephritidae). Opredeliteli po Faune SSR, Izdavaemye Zoologicheskim Muzeem Akademii Nauk 114: 1-212. [in Russian: unpublished English translation, 1987, produced by National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD.

Khan, R. J. and M. A. Khan. 1987. A comparative morphological study on third instar larvae of some Dacus species (Tephritidae: Diptera) in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 30: 534-538.

White, I. M., and M. M. Elson-Harris. 1992. Fruit flies of economic significance: their identification and bionomics. CAB International; Wallingford, UK. 601 p.