Anastrepha fraterculus (Brazil-1 morphotype)
Common name
South American fruit flyDescription
Typical of Anastrepha larvae with the following specific characteristics for the third instar:
Body. Body length 4.9–9.8mm
Head. Oral ridges 7–11.
Spinules and creeping welts. Dorsal spinules present on segments T1-T2, or T1-T3
Anterior spiracles. Anterior spiracular tubules 9–13
Caudal segment (A8) and anal lobes. Plainly visible, but not strongly protuberant; bifid
Posterior spiracles. Spiraclular slits 2.7–3.7x longer than wide. Dorsal and ventral spiracular processes: average number of tips 20–39. Dorsal and ventral spiracular processes: ratio of number of tips to number of trunks 1.7–3.0
Host plants
Highly polyphagous, infesting at least the following families and genera:
| Family | Genus |
| Anacardiaceae | Mangifera |
| Annonaceae | Annona |
| Caricaceae | Carica |
| Ebenaceae | Diospyros |
| Fabaceae | Inga |
| Juglandaceae | Juglans |
| Lauraceae | Persea |
| Lythraceae | Punica |
| Moraceae | Ficus |
| Myrtaceae | Eugenia, Feijoa, Psidium |
| Oleaceae | Olea |
| Passifloraceae | Passiflora |
| Rosaceae | Cydonia, Eriobotrya, Malus, Prunus, Pyrus |
| Rubiaceae | Coffea |
| Rutaceae | Citrus, Fortunella |
| Sapotaceae | Chrysophyllum, Sapota |
| Vitaceae | Vitis |
Part of plant attacked: fruit.
Host records from Argentina and southern Brazil can be reliably associated with the Brazil-1 morphotype. Important literature documenting fruit fly hosts in this area include Blanchard (1961), Nasca et al. (1996), Oroño et al. (2008), Ovruski et al. (2003), Putruele (1996), Schliserman et al. (2010), Segura et al. (2006).
Biogeographic region and distribution
NeotropicalSouth America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (southern; full extent of distribution in Brazil is not well-defined), Paraguay, Peru (high elevation Andean areas at least as far north as Cuzco Region).
Status of knowledge
Carroll et al. 2004+Steck et al. 1990
Specimens examined
Based on Steck et al. (1990) and unpublished data; Brazil: ex Eugenia brasiliensis (n=25) and ex culture (n=5).Adult taxonomy
Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) species complex
Hernandez-O et al. (2012, 2015) recognized eight morphotypes of Anastrepha fraterculus s.l. At least four of these are strongly supported by genetic, behavioral, and other types of data (Steck 1991, Sutton et al. 2015, Vera et al. 2006).
References
Carroll, L. E., A. L. Norrbom, M. J. Dallwitz, and F. C. Thompson. 2004 onwards. Pest fruit flies of the world – larvae. Version: 8th December 2006. http://delta-intkey.com.
Hernández‑Ortiz, V., A. F. Bartolucci, P. Morales‑Valles, D. Frías and D. Selivon. 2012. Cryptic species of the Anastrepha fraterculus complex (Diptera: Tephritidae): a multivariate approach for the recognition of south American morphotypes. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 105:305‑318.
Hernández‑Ortiz, V., N. A. Canal, J. O. Tigrero Salas, F. M. Ruíz‑Hurtado, and J. F. Dzul‑Cauich. 2015. Taxonomy and phenotypic relationships of the Anastrepha fraterculus complex in the Mesoamerican and Pacific Neotropical dominions (Diptera, Tephritidae). Zookeys 540:95‑124.
Oroño et al 2008.
Steck, G. J. 1991. Biochemical systematics and population genetic structure of Anastrepha fraterculus and related species (Diptera: Tephritidae). Annals Entomological Society America 84: 10-28.
Sutton, B. D., G. J. Steck, A.L. Norrbom, E. Rodriguez, P. Srivastava, N. Nolazco Alvarado, F. Colque, E. Yábar Landa, J. J. Lagrava Sánchez, E. Quisberth, E. Arevalo, P. A. Rodriguez Clavijo, J. Alvarez Baca, and T. Guevara Zapata. 2015. Nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) variation in Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) (1830) (Diptera: Tephritidae) of the Andean Region of South America. In: M. De Meyer, A. R. Clarke, T. M. Vera, and J. Hendrichs (Eds): Resolution of Cryptic Species Complexes of Tephritid Pests to Enhance SIT Application and Facilitate International Trade. ZooKeys 540: 175-191.
Vera, M. T, C.Cáceres, V. Wornoayporn, A. Islam, A. S. Robinson, M. H. de la Vega, J. Hendrichs, and J. P. Cayol. 2006. Mating Incompatibility among Populations of the South American Fruit Fly Anastrepha fraterculus (Wied.) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Annals Entomological Society America 99: 387-397.
Steck, G. J., L. E. Carroll, H. Celedonio H. & J. C. Guillen A. 1990. Methods for identification of Anastrepha larvae (Diptera: Tephritidae), and key to 13 species. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 92: 333-346.
