Mesosa

Subfamily

Lamiinae

Diagnosis - adult

Body length: 8–17mm. 
Eyes: eye interommatidial setaeseta:
a sclerotized hair-like projection of the cuticle
absent, eye deeply emarginateemarginate:
notched at the margin
> half width or divided-max one row of facets between, eye ommatidial density fine. 
AntennaeAntenna:
in larval and adult insects, paired segmented appendages, borne one on each side of the head, functioning as sense organs and bearing a large number of sensilla
: antennal length reaches between basebase:
the part of any appendage or structure that is nearest the body
and end of elytraelytron:
the leathery forewing of beetles, serving as a covering for the hind wings, commonly meeting opposite elytron in a straight line down the middle of the dorsum in repose
or reaching/surpassing end of body, antennal flagellar segments elongateelongate:
much longer than wide
, scapescape:
the first proximal segment of the antenna
cicatrixcicatrix:
a scar; a scar-like structure
(scar) at apexapex:
end of any structure distad to the base
, antennal segment 3 > scapescape:
the first proximal segment of the antenna
. 
Pronotumpronotum:
the upper and dorsal part of the prothorax
: pronotumpronotum:
the upper and dorsal part of the prothorax
shape transversetransverse:
broader than long
, pronotumpronotum:
the upper and dorsal part of the prothorax
lateral armature absent or blunt tubercule. 
Prosternum: prosternal process dilated at apexapex:
end of any structure distad to the base
, procoxal cavities closed posteriorly. 
ElytraElytron:
the leathery forewing of beetles, serving as a covering for the hind wings, commonly meeting opposite elytron in a straight line down the middle of the dorsum in repose
: elytral length reaching or close to end of abdomen, elytral apicesapex:
end of any structure distad to the base
rounded or truncatetruncate:
cut off squarely at the tip
, elytral color pattern present. 
Legs: visible tarsomeres: 4, femora clavateclavate:
thickening gradually toward the tip
, rarely robust, protibial spurs: 2, tarsal claws simple. 

Characterized by comparatively short, broad body. Head short, not narrower than pronotumpronotum:
the upper and dorsal part of the prothorax
, with produced antennal tubercletubercle:
a small knoblike or rounded protuberance
, frontally with broad median longitudinal groove. Eyes highly emarginateemarginate:
notched at the margin
, divided almost into two equal lobes, lower lobelobe:
a rounded projection or protuberence
slightly larger than upper. AntennaeAntenna:
in larval and adult insects, paired segmented appendages, borne one on each side of the head, functioning as sense organs and bearing a large number of sensilla
markedly longer than body (male) or barely extending beyond apexapex:
end of any structure distad to the base
of elytraelytron:
the leathery forewing of beetles, serving as a covering for the hind wings, commonly meeting opposite elytron in a straight line down the middle of the dorsum in repose
, on inner lower side with long dense bristles. Pronotumpronotum:
the upper and dorsal part of the prothorax
transverse, parallel-sided, narrower than elytraelytron:
the leathery forewing of beetles, serving as a covering for the hind wings, commonly meeting opposite elytron in a straight line down the middle of the dorsum in repose
, basally and apically without sharp flange. ElytraElytron:
the leathery forewing of beetles, serving as a covering for the hind wings, commonly meeting opposite elytron in a straight line down the middle of the dorsum in repose
short, broad, apically jointly rounded, in anterior third with coarse, simple or granular (M. curculionoides (L.)) punctationpunctation:
pits or depression of variable size in cuticle
. Legs not long, almost uniformly developed, femora sufficiently thickened. Sternite V uniformly, not highly, convex, with median longitudinal troughlike groove (female) or without it (male) (Cherepanov 1990Cherepanov 1990:
Cherepanov, A.I. 1990. Cerambycidae of Northern Asia, Vol. 3. Lamiinae, Part I. Oxonian Press, New Delhi 4: i-xiii + 1-300, 120 figs.).

Large and robust insects. AntennaeAntenna:
in larval and adult insects, paired segmented appendages, borne one on each side of the head, functioning as sense organs and bearing a large number of sensilla
largely exceeding the apexapex:
end of any structure distad to the base
of the elytraelytron:
the leathery forewing of beetles, serving as a covering for the hind wings, commonly meeting opposite elytron in a straight line down the middle of the dorsum in repose
in the male, reaching it in the female; article 1 with a sharp, oblique rim on the outer side of the apexapex:
end of any structure distad to the base
; article III longer than IV. Eyes very strongly indented. Pronotumpronotum:
the upper and dorsal part of the prothorax
transverse, weakly narrowed in front, not bearing a lateral spinespine:
a protuberance with an acute (sharp) distal end
. ElytraElytron:
the leathery forewing of beetles, serving as a covering for the hind wings, commonly meeting opposite elytron in a straight line down the middle of the dorsum in repose
rounded at the apexapex:
end of any structure distad to the base
(Villiers 1946Villiers 1946:
Villiers, A. 1946. Coleacute;optegrave;res Ceacute;rambycides de l#39;Afrique du Nord. Faune de l#39;Empire Franccedil;ais, ORSC Paris 5: 1-152, 275 figs. http://www.cerambycoidea.com/titles/villiers1946.pdf). Triangular shaped scapescape:
the first proximal segment of the antenna
.

Similar genera

Coptops, Mnemia, Japanomesosa, Eurymesosa, many Mesosini

Differential diagnosis

The enlarged apical scapescape:
the first proximal segment of the antenna
of this genus (and tribe) gives it a triangular shape that is unique. The squat body form of the tribe is also consistent. Within Mesosini, Mesosa has no spines on the antennomeresantennomere:
a subunit of the antenna, including the scape, pedicel, and flagellomeres
, the third antennomereantennomere:
a subunit of the antenna, including the scape, pedicel, and flagellomeres
obviously longer than the scapescape:
the first proximal segment of the antenna
, unarmed elytral apicesapex:
end of any structure distad to the base
, and the eyes are almost completely divided.

Distribution

Palearctic, Indomalaya

Recorded host plants

broadleaf; Abies, Larix, Pinus, Tsuga; Chamaecyparis

Remarks

7 spp. (Mesosa), 30 spp. (Aplocnemia), 2 spp. (Lissomesosa), 4 spp. (Metamesosa), 18 spp. (Perimesosa), 32 spp. (Saimia). Conifers: M. (Mesosa) japonica, M. (M.) mediofasciata, M. (Lissomesosa) kirisimana (Pinus), Mesosa (Metamesosa) nomurai (Abies, Pinus), Mesosa (Perimesosa) hirsuta (Abies, Pinus, broadleaf).

Synonyms

Dendrobius, Gistel, 1834: 30 [for Mesosa]

Lamia (Mesosa) Brullé, 1832: 258 [for Mesosa]

Haplocnemia Agassiz, 1846 [for Aplocnemia]

Helixoea Pascoe, 1865 [for Aplocnemia]

Taxonomy

Subgenus Mesosa, Latreille, 1829, Le Règne Animal distribué d'après son organization, In Cuvier. le Règne animal 5: 124

Subgenus Aplocnemia, Stephens, 1831: 228.

Subgenus Lissomesosa, Yamasako and Ohbayashi, 2011: 341

Subgenus Metamesosa, Breuning, 1938: 370

Subgenus Perimesosa, Breuning, 1939: 409

Subgenus Saimia, Pascoe, 1866: 234