Dactylispa Weise 1897: 137

Synonomys

Hispa Chapuis 1875: 333 (not Linnaeus).

Dactylispa (Monohipsa) Weise 1897: 147.

Dactylispa (Triplispa) Weise 1897: 150.

Dactylispa (Platypriella) Chen & Tan 1961: 459.

Dactylispa (Rhoptrispa) Chen & Tan 1961: 414.

Dicladispa Anand 1997: 9 (not Weise).

Type Species

Hispa andrewesi Weise (=Hispa severini Gestro 1897).

Diagnosis

Dactylispa can be distinguished by the following combination of characters:

• lateral margin of pronotumpronotum:
  occupies all of dorsal part of the prothorax; in anterior angles or posterior angles there may be a small tubercle or pore with a seta
  and elytra with long, stiff spines
• body subparallel
• head with interocular space subequal to width of an eye
• antennomere 1 without spine
• pronotum pronotum:
  occupies all of dorsal part of the prothorax; in anterior angles or posterior angles there may be a small tubercle or pore with a seta
  with anterior margin with branched spine on each side
• elytra with spines or tubercles on disc
• tarsal claws not fused, symmetrical

Description

Body elongate; subparallel; subconvex; color yellowish to black.

Head: small; vertexvertex:
occupies the area behind and between the eyes
with medial sulcus, interocular space subequal to width of an eyeeye:
elongate, slightly prominent, multifaceted; usually slightly kidney-shaped
; clypeusclypeus:
usually quadrangular, elongate; joined to the labrum
large, generally setose.

Antenna: filiform; reaches to humerus; with 11-antennomeres; antennomere 1 incrassate, without spine.

Pronotum: transverse; lateral margin with 3 spines- 2 with common base plus a single (3+1) or 3 individual spines (1+1+1); anterior angle rounded; anterior margin curved, with branched spine on each side; posterior angle acute; posterior margin bisinuate; surface punctate to rugose, with 2 shallow transverse depressions.

Scutellum: triangular.

Elytron: lateral margin straight, with long spines; exterior apical angle rounded, with long spines; apical margin subtruncate, with long spines; humerus angle, not produced; with 8 rows of large, quadrate punctures plus scutellar row; disc with spines or tubercles.

Venter: sparsely punctate.

Leg: long; slender; tibiatibia:
variable in length; joins femur and tarsus
straight; tarsal claws not fused, symmetrical.

Distribution

Afghanistan, Andaman Islands, Angola, Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Bismark Islands, Cambodia, Cameroon, China, Congo, Egypt, Eritrea, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ivory Coast, Japan, Kenya, Korea, Laos, Liberia, Madagascar, Malaysia, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Nigeria, North Korea, Pakistan, Philippines, Portuguese Guinea, Russia, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Thomé Island, Togo, Uganda, Vietnam, Yemen, Zimbabwe.

World Fauna

Described species: 371 (Staines 2012). Key: Maulik 1919; Uhmann 1931g, 1936a, 1953i, 1954b, 1954h, 1956a; Gressitt 1950, 1957b, 1960a, 1960b; Gressitt & Kimoto 1963a; Chen et al. 1986; Kimoto 1999.

Hosts

Acanthaceae; Semecarpus? (Anacardiaceae); Cocos, Phoenix (Arecaceae); Petasites (Asteraceae); Impatiens (Balsaminaceae); Betula, Carpinus, Corylus (Betulaceae); Ceiba (Bombacaceae); Commelinaceae; Scleria (Cyperaceae); Dioscorea (Dioscoreaceae); Croton, Mallotus (Euphorbiaceae); Aeschynomene, Pueraria (Fabaceae); Castanea, Castanopsis, Cyclobalanopsis, Litocarpus, Pasania, Quercus (Fagaceae); Xylosma (Flacourtiaceae); Curculigo (Hypoxidaceae); Juglans (Juglandaceae); Isodon, Prunella (Lamiaceae); Lagerstroemia (Lytraceae); Urena (Malvaceae); Marantochloa (Marantaceae); Castilla (Moraceae); Jussiaea (Onagraceae); Andropogan, Arundinaria, Bambusa, Hymenachne, Hyparrhenia, Imperata, Lingnania, Lophatherum, Loudetia, Melinis, Miscanthus, Oplismenus, Oryza, Panicum, Pennisetum, Phragmites, Phyllostachys, Rottboellia, Saccharium, Setaria, Sinobambusa, Sinocalamus, Sorghum, Setaria, Sporobolus, Triticum, Urelytrum, Zea (Poaceae); Polygonum (Polygonaceae); Filipendula, Malus, Prunus, Pyrus, Rosa, Rubus, Sorbus (Rosaceae); Cinchona, Coffea, Gardenia, Nertera, Plectronia (Rubiaceae); Citrus (Rutaceae); Helicteres, Sterculia, Theobroma (Sterculiaceae); Styrax (Styracaceae); Burretiodendron (Tilaceae); Zelkova (Ulmaceae); Callicarpa (Verbenaceae); Curcuma (Zingiberaceae); Guaiacum (Zygophyllaceae).

References

Anand, R. K. 1997. The pronotal spines in Hispinae and its taxonomic significance. Bulletin of Entomology 38(1/2):1-10.

Chapuis, F. 1875. in J. T. Lacordaire, Histoire naturelle des insectes. Genera des Coléoptères, Vol. 11, Famille des Phytophages, 420 pp. Encylopédique de Roret; Paris.

Chen, S. H., C. C. Tan, & P. Y. Yu. 1961. Results of the zoologico-botanical expedition to southwest China 1955-57 (Coleoptera, Hispidae I). Acta Entomologica Sinica 10:457-481.

Chen, S. H., P. Y. Yu, C. H. Sun, C. H. T'an, & Y. Zia. 1986. Fauna Sinica (Insecta: Coleoptera: Hispidae). Science Press, Beijing. 653 pp.

Gressitt, J. L. 1950. The hispine beetles of China (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Lingnan Science Journal 23(1-2):53-142.

Gressitt, J. L. 1957b. Hispine beetles from the South Pacific (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Nova Guinea n. s. 8:205‑324.

Gressitt, J. L. 1960a. Papuan-West Polynesian hispine beetles (Chrysomelidae). Pacific Insects 2:1-90.

Gressitt, J. L. 1960b. Hispine beetles from New Caledonia (Chrysomelidae). Pacific Insects 2:101‑123.

Gressitt, J. L. & S. Kimoto. 1963a. The Chrysomelidae (Coleopt.) of China and Korea. Part 2. Pacific Insects Monograph 1B:301‑1026.

Kimoto, S. 1999. Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) of Thailand, Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. VI. Hispinae. Bulletin of the Institute of Comparative Studies of International Cultures and Societies 23: 59-159.

Maulik, S. 1919. Hispinae and Cassidinae of India, Burma and Ceylon. The fauna of British India. Taylor & Francis, London. 439 pp.

Staines, C. L. 2012. Tribe Hispini. Catalog of the hispines of the world (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae). http://entomology.si.edu/Collections_Coleoptera.html

Uhmann, E. 1931g. Die Hispinen des Musée du Congo Belge. 3. Teil. Oncocephalini, Exothispini, Coelaenomenoderini, Gonophorini, Cryptonychini, Hispini ohne die Gattung Hispa. 33. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Hispinen (Col. Chrys.). Revue de Zoologie et Botanique Africaines 21:74‑88, 148-164.

Uhmann, E. 1936a. Hispinen aus dem Kongogebiet. 45. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Hispinen (Col. Chrys.). Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 28:432-452.

Uhmann, E. 1953i. Hispinae aus dem Institut Royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, I. Teil. 142. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Hispinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Bulletin Institut royal des Sciences naturalles de Belgique 29(15):1-8.

Uhmann, E. 1954b. Verwandtschaftskreise und skulptur der decken der Austral‑asiatischen Dactylispa‑Arten. Philippine Journal of Science 83:1‑37.

Uhmann, E. 1954h. Coléoptères Chrysomélides Hispinae. 148. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Hispinae (Coleopt. Chrysomelidae). Mémoires de l'Institut Français d'Afrique Noire No. 40. La Réserve Naturelle Intégrale du Mont Nimba Fascicule II:175-198.

Uhmann, E. 1956a. Hispinae aus Indonesia. 170. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Hispinae (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Beaufortia, Series of Miscellaneous Publications 5(50):61-72.

Weise, J. 1897. Kritisches Verzeichnifs der von Mr. Andrews eingesandten Cassidinen und Hispinen aus Indien. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1897:97-150.