A

• aedeagus: in male beetles, the penis (plural: aedeagi)


• alar: relating to the wings


• alutaceous: rather pale leather-brown; covered with minute cracks like the human skin and leathery in texture


• annulate: surrounded by a ring of a different color


• antenna: in larval and adult insects, paired segmented appendages, borne one on each side of the head, functioning as sense organs and bearing a large number of sensilla (plural: antennae)


• antennomere: a subunit of the antenna, including scape, pedicel, and flagellomeres


• antero-: Latin prefix; before; to the front of


• apex: end of any structure distad to the base (plural: apices)


• appendiculate: bearing appendages


• arcuate: arched or bow-like


• attenuate: gradually tapering apically

B

• base: the part of any appendage or structure that is nearest the body


• bidentate: having two teeth


• bifid: cleft or divided into two parts; forked


• bilabiate spiracle: an elongate or annular spiracle with a pair of projecting lips interior to the spiracular frame (peritreme)


• brachypterous: having short or reduced wings

C

• callose: furnished with calli


• carina: an elevated ridge or keel, not necessarily high or acute (plural: carinae)


• castaneous: chestnut brown; bright red-brown


• caudal: of or pertaining to the cauda or to the anal end of the insect's body


• chitin: a major polysaccharide constituent of arthropod cuticle


• chitinization: the process of depositing or filling with chitin


• chitinized: filled in with or hardened by chitin


• chitinous: composed of chitin or like it in structure


• cicatrix: a scar; a scar-like structure


• clavate: thickening gradually toward the tip


• clypeus: that part of the insect head below the frons, to which the labrum is attached anteriorly


• conical: wider at base than apex


• contiguous: so near together as to touch


• corneus: of a horny or chitinous substance; resembling horn in texture


• crenulate: having the margin finely notched with small, rounded teeth


• crista: a prominent, longitudinal carina on the upper surface of any part of the head or body (plural: cristae)


• cuneate: wedge-shaped


• cuticle: a secretion of the epidermis, covering the entire body of the insect


• cylindrical: shaped like a cylinder, parallel sided

D

• dimorphic: occurring in two distinct forms


• distad: toward the distal end


• distal: near or toward the free end of any appendage; that part of a segment farthest from the body


• divaricate: forked or divided into two branches


• divergent: spreading out from a common base

E

• elongate: much longer than wide


• elytron: the leathery forewing of beetles, serving as a covering for the hind wings, commonly meeting opposite elytron in a straight line down the middle of the dorsum in repose (plural: elytra)


• emarginate: notched at the margin


• epicranium: the upper part of the head from the frons to the neck, including frons, vertex, and genae


• epimeron: the posterior division of a thoracic pleuron, marked anteriorly by the pleural sulcus


• epipleurum: in larval Coleoptera, the lateral are immediately above the ventrolateral suture and below the alar area


• epistoma: the oral margin or sclerite directly behind the labrum, e.g., anteclypeus, clypeus or frontoclypeus


• excurved: curved outward


• exserted: projecting; thrust forth

F

• farinose: dotted with many single flour-like spots


• filiform: threadlike, i.e., slender and of equal diameter, being commonly applied to antennae


• fimbriate: fringed with hairs of irregular length


• flabellate: fan-shaped, i.e., with long thin processes lying flat on each other like the folds of a fan, e.g. flabellate antennae


• flagellomere: one part of a multiannulated flagellum of an antenna


• frass: solid larval insect excrement


• frons: the upper anterior portion of the head capsule, usually a distinct sclerite between the epicranium and clypeus


• frontoclypeal suture: the suture between the frons and the clypeus


• fusiform: spindle-shaped, i.e., broad at the middle and narrowing towards the ends

G

• gena: the part of the cranium on each side below the eye (plural: genae)


• gin-traps: in pupal Coleoptera, defense organs formed by local sclerotization of opposable edges of adjacent abdominal segments


• girdle: to cut away the bark and cambium in a ring around (a plant) usually to kill by interrupting the circulation of water and nutrients


• glabrous: smooth, devoid of pubescence; devoid of any sculpturing


• granulate: minutely and densely verrucose or minutely farinose

H

• humerus: shoulder; the basal exterior angle of the elytra (plural: humeri)


• hypopleurum: in larval Coleoptera, the lateral area immediately below the ventrolateral suture

L

• labrum: the upper lip, abutting the clypeus in front of the mouth


• lobe: a rounded projection of protuberence

M

• macula: a spot or mark (plural: maculae)


• mesepimeron: the epimeron of the mesothorax


• mesocoxa: coxa of the midleg (plural: mesocoxae)


• mesofemur: midfemur (plural: mesofemora)


• mesosternum: sternum of the mesothorax


• mesosternal process: a prolongation of the mesosternum extending between the mesocoxae


• mesothorax: the second or middle thoracic segment bearing the midlegs and the forewings


• metacoxa: coxa of the hind leg (plural: metacoxae)


• metafemur: hind femur (plural: metafemora)


• micropyle: one of the minute openings in the chorion of an insect egg, through which sperm enter in fertilization


• moniliform: beaded like a necklace, e.g., monoliform antennae

O

• oblong: longer than broad


• ocelliform: in the shape of ocelli


• occiput: dorsal part of the head between the occipital sulcus and the postoccipital sulcus


• ommatidium: one of the visual elements of the compound eye (plural: ommatidia)


• orbicular: round and flat


• ovate: egg-shaped, with the broader end at the base


• oviposit: to deposit or lay eggs or ova


• ovoid: see ovate

P

• palpifer: any palp-bearing part


• parascutal area: alar area


• pectinate: applied especially to antennae or claws, with even processes like the teeth of a comb


• peritreme: the sclerite plate about any body opening, especially about any spiracle


• phytophagous: feeding in or on plants


• piceous: black


• postero-: Latin prefix; posterior; back


• pretarsus: last segment of the insect leg (plural: pretarsae)


• proalar: pertaining to forewing


• procoxa: coxa of the proleg (plural: procoxae)


• profemur: forefemur (plural: profemora)


• pronotum: the upper and dorsal part of the prothorax (plural: pronota)


• protergum: tergum of the prothorax


• protuberance: any outgrowth or elevation above the surface


• protuberant: rising or produced above the surface or general level


• proximal: that part of an appendage nearest the body, as opposed to distal


• pseudotetramerous: having apparently four articles, although five are actually present


• pubescent: downy; clothed with soft, short, fine, loosely set hair


• punctate: set with fine, impressed points or punctures appearing as pin-pricks


• punctation: pits or depression of variable size in cuticle

R

• reniform: kidney-shaped


• rugose: wrinkled


• rugulose: minutely rugose; minutely wrinkled

S

• scape: see antennal scape


• sclerite: any plate of the body wall bounded by membrane or sutures


• serrate: sawlike, i.e., with notched edges like the teeth of a saw, e.g., serrate antennae


• seta: a sclerotized hair-like projection of the cuticle (plural: setae)


• setiferous: set with or bearing setae; see setose


• setose: surnished or covered with setae or stiff hairs


• sinuous: undulating, curved in and out


• spiculate: having the form of a spicule, or needlelike spine


• spinose: armed with thorny spines, more elongate than echinate


• spinule: a small spine


• sternellar: pertaining to the sternellum


• sternellum: the second sclerite of the ventral part of each thoracic segment, frequently divided into longitudinal parts which may be widely separated


• striate: marked with parallel, fine, longitudinal, impressed lines or furrows


• subquadrate: not quite a square


• subtruncate: not quite cut off squarely at the tip


• sulcus: groove with a purely functional origin (plural: sulci)


• suture: groove marking the line of fusion of two formerly distinct plates; the line of junction of elytra

T

• tarsomere: subdivision or article of the tarsus, usually numbering from two to five


• tarsus: the leg segment attached to the apex of the tibia, bearing the pretarsus and consisting from one to five tarsomeres (plural: tarsi)


• tarsal claw: usually paired claws of the pretarsus, at the apex of the leg


• tergum: the upper or dorsal surface of any body segment of insect, whether consisting of one or more than one sclerite (plural: terga)


• transverse: broader than long


• truncate: cut off squarely at the tip


• tubercle: a small knoblike or rounded protuberance


• type: a particular kind of specimen; e.g. allotype, cotype, holotype, lectotype, paratype, syntype

U

• uncate: hooked; barbed


• unguiculus: a small claw or claw-like process


• urogomphus: in larval Coleoptera, usually paired processes from the posterior end of the tergum of the ninth abdominal segment, being joined and movable by muscles, or unjointed and immoveable (plural: urogomphi)

V

• vertex: the top of the head between the eyes, frons and occiput, anterior to the occipital suture (plural: vertices)


• verrucose: covered with irregularly shaped lobes or wart-like protuberances


• vitta: a broad longitudinal stripe (plural: vittae)

X

• xylophagous: feeding on xylem or wood