Name and publication
Phytophthora virginiana Yang & Hong (2013)
Yang X and Hong C. 2013. Phytophthora virginiana sp. nov., a high-temperature tolerant species from irrigation water in Virginia. Mycotaxon 126: 167–176.
Corresponding author: yxiao9@vt.edu
Nomenclature
from Yang and Hong (2013)
Mycobank
Etymology
refers to the Commonwealth of Virginia, where the new species was initially recovered
Typification
Type: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Virginia, baited with camellia leaves from irrigation water of an irrigation runoff reservoir in a production perennial nursery, October 2007, collected by Chuanxue Hong; holotype, ATCC MYA-4927
Ex-type: 46A2
Sequences for ex-type in original manuscript: Phytophthora virginiana isolate 46A2 = ITS rDNA KC295544
Ex-type in other collections
46A2 (Yang) = ATCC MYA-4927, P19829 (WPC), CPHST BL 165 (Abad)
Molecular identification
Voucher sequences for barcoding genes (ITS rDNA and COI) of the ex-type (see Molecular protocols page)
Phytophthora virginiana isolate 46A2 ITS rDNA KC295544
Phytophthora virginiana isolate CPHST BL 165 (= P19829 WPC) COI MH477761
Sequences for ex-type in other sources
- NCBI: Phytophthora virginiana CPHST BL 165
- NCBI: Phytophthora virginiana 46A2
- Phytophthora Database: Phytophthora virginiana
- EPPO-Q-bank: Phytophthora virginiana
- BOLDSYSTEMS: Phytophthora virginiana (barcoding COI & ITS)
Position in ITS phylogenetic tree
Clade 9a
Morphological identification
adapted from Yang and Hong (2013)
Colonies and cardinal temperatures
Colonies on V8-A, PDA, and MEA with chrysanthemum pattern.
Conditions for growth and sporulation
Sporangia produced in culture plugs submerged in 1.5% soil water extract under light within 10 hours.
Asexual phase
Sporangia nonpapillate, persistent, ovoid to obpyriform and sometimes limoniform to ellipsoid with distorted shapes such as peanut (av. 51.7 x 32.5 µm), showing internal, nested or extended proliferation, and borne in erect, unbranched sporangiophores with occasional swelling. Hyphal swellings common, often peanut-shaped, angular, or variously distorted in shapes. Chlamydospores abundant, thin-walled, spherical, and lateral produced by mature cultures, av. 43.5 µm diam, sometimes on short stalks, with tapered base or clustered. Terminal chlamydospores rare.
Sexual phase
Self-sterile. No sexual organs in single cultures. In the polycarbonate membrane tests, P. virginiana isolates belong to silent A1 mating type, producing no sexual organ after up to 90-day-pairing, but stimulating A2 mating type isolates of Phytophthora cinnamomi and Phytophthora cryptogea to produce gametangia after 30-day-pairing at 20°C, 25°C, and room temperature (c. 23°C).
Additional specimen(s) evaluated:
Phytophthora virginiana ex-type CPHST BL 165, duplicate of P19829 (World Phytophthora Collection)
Hosts and distribution
Distribution: North America (USA: VA)
Substrate: isolated from irrigation water
Host: unknown
Retrieved February 01, 2018 from U.S. National Fungus Collections Nomenclature Database.
Additional references and links
- Phytophthora DATABASE: Phytophthora virginiana
- EPPO-Q-bank: Phytophthora virginiana
- SMML USDA-ARS: Phytophthora virginiana
- EPPO Global Database: Phytophthora virginiana
- CABI Invasive Species Compendium: Phytophthora virginiana
- Encyclopedia of Life (EOL): Phytophthora virginiana
- Index Fungorum (IF): Phytophthora virginiana
- Plantwise Knowledge Bank: Phytophthora virginiana
- Google All Phytophthora virginiana
- Google Images Phytophthora virginiana
- Google Scholar Phytophthora virginiana
Fact sheet author
Z. Gloria Abad, Ph.D., USDA-APHIS-PPQ-S&T Beltsville Laboratory, United States of America