Anastrepha and
Toxotrypana:
descriptions, illustrations, and interactive keys
Anastrepha and
Toxotrypana:
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Body. Setae red brown, or dark red brown, or dark brown to black.
Head. Frons without brown markings except ocellar tubercle. Occiput without brown marks. Frontal setae 3–6. Orbital setae 2. Ocellar seta weak, small or absent. Gena without brown spot. Facial carina in profile concave or flat on dorsal 2/3. Face with ventral part gradually tapered laterally; without brown markings. Antenna not extended to ventral margin of face. Arista of male without preapical expansion. Palpus in lateral view evenly setulose.
Thorax. Mesonotum length 2.2–3.1 mm (2.4–3.0, n=22; 2.28–2.86, Stone 1942). Postpronotal lobe and notopleuron entirely microtrichose. Scutum mostly or entirely microtrichose. Scutellum disc entirely microtrichose. Postpronotal, presutural supra-alar, dorsocentral, intra-alar and scutellar setae well developed, subequal to or longer than scutellum length; postpronotal seta on posterior half of postpronotal lobe. Acrostichal seta well developed. Basal scutellar seta strong, longer than scutellum. Mesonotum yellow, or orange. Scutum with 3 (both medial and sublateral) pale postsutural vittae; pale medial vitta narrow posteriorly, not expanded, or with posterior end ovoid (sometimes faint); pale sublateral postsutural vitta extended posteriorly to intra-alar seta. Scutum posteriorly with only single medial brown spot on scuto-scutellar suture (spot usually large and distinct), or without brown or orange brown markings (some Jamaican specimens). Scutum without brown vittae. Scutellum entirely yellow or with dark markings only on extreme base of disk. Mesopleuron mostly yellow to orange, without brown markings. Subscutellum entirely yellow to orange, or yellow to red brown medially, dark brown laterally. Mediotergite entirely yellow to orange, or yellow to red brown medially, dark brown laterally. Femora entirely yellow to orange. Fore femur with posterodorsal and ventral rows of well developed setae.
Wings. Wing length 4.9–6.4 mm (Stone 1942). Wing pattern typical Anastrepha pattern (S-band complete or at most interrupted at crossvein r-m, C-band and at least proximal arm of V-band present). Cell c mostly or entirely infuscated to subhyaline, or paler posteriorly, without distinct subapical hyaline area. C-band broadly extending to vein M in cell br along cell bm; covering base of cell r2+3; yellow or orange area posterior to pterostigma broad, extending distally into cells r1 and r2+3 at least to level of midlength of pterostigma. C-band and S-band connected (along vein R4+5, cell r1 with basomarginal hyaline spot), or separated (by hyaline band from cell bm to costal margin, narrowed along vein R4+5). Basal hyaline area between C-band and S-band extended to vein R4+5. Cell r1 basomarginal hyaline spot triangular to quadrate. Cell r1 basomarginal hyaline spot apex aligned proximal to crossvein r-m. S-band extended anteriorly to vein R4+5 and covering all of crossvein r-m. Cell bm entirely hyaline or infuscated only along subapical fold, or entirely infuscated (rarely in male). S-band posterior margin without incision in cell cu1. S-band base without extension in middle of cell cu1 to posterior wing margin; without extension in cell a1 to or almost to posterior margin. S-band middle section predominantly or entirely orange, often with brown margins. Subapical hyaline area in radial cells distal to r-m extending anteriorly to vein R2+3. S-band distal section without marginal hyaline band or spots in cell r2+3 or near apices of R2+3 or R4+5. S-band distally extended to apex of vein M (usually), or not extended to apex of vein M. V-band proximal arm as dark as apical half of S-band; extending more than 1/3 distance from apex of vein Cu1 to apex of vein A1+Cu2; not connected anteriorly to S-band (usually), or connected anteriorly to S-band along vein R4+5 or in cell r2+3. V-band distal arm complete; connected to proximal arm of V band. Apex of V-band not extended from vein R4+5 to vein M, hyaline area present between band and vein M, or extended from vein R4+5 to vein M, no hyaline area present between band and vein M. S-band distal section width ratio (width of S-band/width of cell r2+3, both measured perpendicular to costal margin at apex of vein R2+3) 0.7–1 (0.71–1.00, n=4). Area surrounding apex of lobe of cell bcu with microtrichia similar in density to area anterdistal to it along vein Cu1. Area between S-band and V-band entirely microtrichose in cells dm and cu1. Cell c: pterostigma ratio (cell c length/pterostigma length) 1.05–1.25 (1.10–1.17, n=4). Pterostigma ratio 3–4. Ratio of costa length between apices of Sc and R1/length between apices of R1 and R2+3 0.49–0.54. Vein R1 ratio (distance from wing base to apex of R1/wing length) 0.56, n=2. Vein R2+3 not sinuous; without accessory vein. Vein R4+5 distal to crossvein r-m more or less evenly curved or not strongly bowed medially. Vein M ratio (distance from bm-cu to r-m/distance from bm-cu to dm-cu) 0.65–0.7 (0.66–0.69, n=4). Vein M curvature ratio (width of cell r4+5 at apex/width at level of dm-cu) 0.77–1 (0.81–0.96, n=4). Cell bcu posteroapical lobe shorter than vein A1+Cu2. Costa in male with setulae on anterior margin between crossvein h and apex of vein R1 similar to other setulae. Crossvein dm-cu orientation with anterior end more distal than posterior end.
Abdomen. Abdomen ovate or parallel-sided, syntergite 1+2 gradually broadening or parallel-sided. Abdominal tergite without brown markings. Epandrium posterodorsal margin evenly rounded. Lateral surstylus in posterior view long, slightly tapered, somewhat truncate apically. Lateral surstylus in posterior view not boot-shaped. Phallus length 2.1–2.6 mm (2.15–2.5, n=6); ratio (phallus length/mesonotum length) 0.8–0.97 (0.84–0.95, n=6). Glans present; without spinules. Proctiger lateral and ventral sclerotized areas separate, lateral areas separate dorsally. Oviscape entirely yellow to orange brown; straight; length 1.45–1.95 mm (1.46–1.93, n=16); length ratio (oviscape length/mesonotum length) 0.6–0.8 (0.63–0.76, n=16); spiracle ratio (distance from base to spiracle/oviscape length) 0.4–0.5 (0.41–0.50, n=15). Eversible membrane with dorsobasal denticles all sclerotized, in continuous triangular to semicircular or suboval pattern. Eversible membrane with 20–35 denticles (long hooklike dorsobasal denticles in 4–5 irregular rows in subtriangular pattern). Aculeus length 1.4–1.6 mm (1.41–1.58, n=16). Aculeus length/oviscape length 0.75–1 (0.77–0.97, n=16). Aculeus in ventral view more or less parallel-sided except extreme base. Aculeus in lateral view straight or ventrally curved. Aculeus tip length/aculeus length 0.13–0.16 (n=17). Aculeus tip length 0.19–0.23 mm (n=17); width 0.1–0.13 mm (n=17); length/width in ventral view 1.5–2.2 (1.58–2.09, n=17); lateral margins not curved dorsally; gradually tapering, blade-like, with flattened cross-section, or gradually tapering, but with medial constriction; not flared outward at or proximal to base; without ridges or lobes; without elongate dorsolateral depressions apically; with medium sized serrations; serrated part 0.5–0.65 times length of tip (0.52–0.64, n=17). Aculeus tip serrations not extending onto dorsal side basally. Aculeus tip with serrations separated by less than width of serration. Spermathecae sclerotized; ovoid. Egg without lobe (Figueiredo et al. 2011).
Other names for this species: Anastrepha longimacula Greene, Anastrepha unipuncta Seín. Sex of recorded specimens: male and female. Species group: fraterculus group.
This species, commonly known as the Caribbean fruit fly, is a pest of guava, citrus, mango, and various other cultivated fruits. It is considered a pest of quarantine significance by USDA-APHIS-PPQ and many other regulatory agencies. The main damage is caused by the larvae, which feed inside the fruit. Refer to the Fruit Fly Databases for host plant information.
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• Habitus, female (dorsal). • Wing. • Terminalia, female. • Terminalia, male & female.
Fruit Fly Databases for host plant, distribution, and nomenclatural information. Google search.
